Fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems

Abstract Carbon starvation is the current leading hypothesis of plant mortality mechanisms under drought stress; recently, it is also used to explain tree die-off in plant diseases. However, the molecular biology of the carbon starvation pathway is unclear. Here, using a punch inoculation system, we...

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Autores principales:	Ping Li, Wenxin Liu, Yinan Zhang, Junchao Xing, Jinxin Li, Jinxia Feng, Xiaohua Su, Jiaping Zhao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4592d70a00ba4023ab1e4b85fe87656d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4592d70a00ba4023ab1e4b85fe87656d2021-12-02T15:09:42ZFungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems10.1038/s41598-019-46635-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4592d70a00ba4023ab1e4b85fe87656d2019-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46635-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Carbon starvation is the current leading hypothesis of plant mortality mechanisms under drought stress; recently, it is also used to explain tree die-off in plant diseases. However, the molecular biology of the carbon starvation pathway is unclear. Here, using a punch inoculation system, we conducted transcriptome and physiological assays to investigate pathogen response in poplar stems at the early stages of Botryosphaeria and Valsa canker diseases. Transcriptome assays showed that the majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in stem phloem and xylem, such as genes involved in carbon metabolism and transportation, aquaporin genes (in xylem) and genes related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the phenylpropanoid pathway (related to lignin synthesis), were downregulated at 7 days after inoculation (DAI). Results also showed that the expression of the majority of disease-resistance genes upregulated in poplar stems, which may be connected with the downregulation expression of the majority of WRKY family genes. Physiological assays showed that transpiration rate decreased but WUE (water use efficiency) increased the 3 and 7 DAI, while the net photosynthetic rate decreased at 11 DAI in Botryosphaeria infected poplars (ANOVA, P < 0.05). The NSC (non-structural carbohydrates) content assays showed that the soluble sugar content of stem phloem samples increased at 3, 7, and 11 DAI that might due to the impede of pathogen infection. However, soluble sugar content of stem xylem and root samples decreased at 11 DAI; in contrast, the starch content unchanged. Therefore, results revealed a chronological order of carbon related molecular and physiological performance: declination of genes involved in carbon and starch metabolism first (at least at 7 DAI), declination of assimilation and carbon reserve (at 11 DAI) second. Results implied a potential mechanism that affects the host carbon reserve, by directly inhibiting the expression of genes involved in carbon metabolism and transport.Ping LiWenxin LiuYinan ZhangJunchao XingJinxin LiJinxia FengXiaohua SuJiaping ZhaoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ping Li Wenxin Liu Yinan Zhang Junchao Xing Jinxin Li Jinxia Feng Xiaohua Su Jiaping Zhao Fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems
description	Abstract Carbon starvation is the current leading hypothesis of plant mortality mechanisms under drought stress; recently, it is also used to explain tree die-off in plant diseases. However, the molecular biology of the carbon starvation pathway is unclear. Here, using a punch inoculation system, we conducted transcriptome and physiological assays to investigate pathogen response in poplar stems at the early stages of Botryosphaeria and Valsa canker diseases. Transcriptome assays showed that the majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in stem phloem and xylem, such as genes involved in carbon metabolism and transportation, aquaporin genes (in xylem) and genes related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the phenylpropanoid pathway (related to lignin synthesis), were downregulated at 7 days after inoculation (DAI). Results also showed that the expression of the majority of disease-resistance genes upregulated in poplar stems, which may be connected with the downregulation expression of the majority of WRKY family genes. Physiological assays showed that transpiration rate decreased but WUE (water use efficiency) increased the 3 and 7 DAI, while the net photosynthetic rate decreased at 11 DAI in Botryosphaeria infected poplars (ANOVA, P < 0.05). The NSC (non-structural carbohydrates) content assays showed that the soluble sugar content of stem phloem samples increased at 3, 7, and 11 DAI that might due to the impede of pathogen infection. However, soluble sugar content of stem xylem and root samples decreased at 11 DAI; in contrast, the starch content unchanged. Therefore, results revealed a chronological order of carbon related molecular and physiological performance: declination of genes involved in carbon and starch metabolism first (at least at 7 DAI), declination of assimilation and carbon reserve (at 11 DAI) second. Results implied a potential mechanism that affects the host carbon reserve, by directly inhibiting the expression of genes involved in carbon metabolism and transport.
format	article
author	Ping Li Wenxin Liu Yinan Zhang Junchao Xing Jinxin Li Jinxia Feng Xiaohua Su Jiaping Zhao
author_facet	Ping Li Wenxin Liu Yinan Zhang Junchao Xing Jinxin Li Jinxia Feng Xiaohua Su Jiaping Zhao
author_sort	Ping Li
title	Fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems
title_short	Fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems
title_full	Fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems
title_fullStr	Fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems
title_full_unstemmed	Fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems
title_sort	fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/4592d70a00ba4023ab1e4b85fe87656d
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_version_	1718387748234067968

Fungal canker pathogens trigger carbon starvation by inhibiting carbon metabolism in poplar stems

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