The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.

<h4>Background</h4>The two forms of white rhinoceros; northern and southern, have had contrasting conservation histories. The Northern form, once fairly numerous is now critically endangered, while the southern form has recovered from a few individuals to a population of a few thousand....

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Autores principales:	Colin P Groves, Prithiviraj Fernando, Jan Robovský
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45a22c693fce4b178ede28e7f04d399e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45a22c693fce4b178ede28e7f04d399e2021-11-25T06:24:44ZThe sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0009703https://doaj.org/article/45a22c693fce4b178ede28e7f04d399e2010-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20383328/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The two forms of white rhinoceros; northern and southern, have had contrasting conservation histories. The Northern form, once fairly numerous is now critically endangered, while the southern form has recovered from a few individuals to a population of a few thousand. Since their last taxonomic assessment over three decades ago, new material and analytical techniques have become available, necessitating a review of available information and re-assessment of the taxonomy.<h4>Results</h4>Dental morphology and cranial anatomy clearly diagnosed the southern and northern forms. The differentiation was well supported by dental metrics, cranial growth and craniometry, and corresponded with differences in post-cranial skeleton, external measurements and external features. No distinctive differences were found in the limited descriptions of their behavior and ecology. Fossil history indicated the antiquity of the genus, dating back at least to early Pliocene and evolution into a number of diagnosable forms. The fossil skulls examined fell outside the two extant forms in the craniometric analysis. Genetic divergence between the two forms was consistent across both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and indicated a separation of over a million years.<h4>Conclusions</h4>On re-assessing the taxonomy of the two forms we find them to be morphologically and genetically distinct, warranting the recognition of the taxa formerly designated as subspecies; Ceratotherium simum simum the southern form and Ceratotherium simum cottoni the northern form, as two distinct species Ceratotherium simum and Ceratotherium cottoni respectively. The recognition of the northern form as a distinct species has profound implications for its conservation.Colin P GrovesPrithiviraj FernandoJan RobovskýPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 4, p e9703 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Colin P Groves Prithiviraj Fernando Jan Robovský The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The two forms of white rhinoceros; northern and southern, have had contrasting conservation histories. The Northern form, once fairly numerous is now critically endangered, while the southern form has recovered from a few individuals to a population of a few thousand. Since their last taxonomic assessment over three decades ago, new material and analytical techniques have become available, necessitating a review of available information and re-assessment of the taxonomy.<h4>Results</h4>Dental morphology and cranial anatomy clearly diagnosed the southern and northern forms. The differentiation was well supported by dental metrics, cranial growth and craniometry, and corresponded with differences in post-cranial skeleton, external measurements and external features. No distinctive differences were found in the limited descriptions of their behavior and ecology. Fossil history indicated the antiquity of the genus, dating back at least to early Pliocene and evolution into a number of diagnosable forms. The fossil skulls examined fell outside the two extant forms in the craniometric analysis. Genetic divergence between the two forms was consistent across both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and indicated a separation of over a million years.<h4>Conclusions</h4>On re-assessing the taxonomy of the two forms we find them to be morphologically and genetically distinct, warranting the recognition of the taxa formerly designated as subspecies; Ceratotherium simum simum the southern form and Ceratotherium simum cottoni the northern form, as two distinct species Ceratotherium simum and Ceratotherium cottoni respectively. The recognition of the northern form as a distinct species has profound implications for its conservation.
format	article
author	Colin P Groves Prithiviraj Fernando Jan Robovský
author_facet	Colin P Groves Prithiviraj Fernando Jan Robovský
author_sort	Colin P Groves
title	The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.
title_short	The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.
title_full	The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.
title_fullStr	The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.
title_full_unstemmed	The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.
title_sort	sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/45a22c693fce4b178ede28e7f04d399e
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The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.

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