Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms.

To estimate the prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds, 87 wheat and barley farms were randomly surveyed in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Over 600 weed seed samples from up to 10 mother plants per taxon depending on abundance, were collected immediately prior to harvest (two fields per farm...

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Autores principales:	Christopher E Buddenhagen, Trevor K James, Zachary Ngow, Deborah L Hackell, M Phil Rolston, Richard J Chynoweth, Matilda Gunnarsson, Fengshuo Li, Kerry C Harrington, Hossein Ghanizadeh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45ab9831b7fa4a9d94ec3ec2c0e252e0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45ab9831b7fa4a9d94ec3ec2c0e252e02021-12-02T20:16:53ZResistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258685https://doaj.org/article/45ab9831b7fa4a9d94ec3ec2c0e252e02021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258685https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203To estimate the prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds, 87 wheat and barley farms were randomly surveyed in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Over 600 weed seed samples from up to 10 mother plants per taxon depending on abundance, were collected immediately prior to harvest (two fields per farm). Some samples provided by agronomists were tested on an ad-hoc basis. Over 40,000 seedlings were grown to the 2-4 leaf stage in glasshouse conditions and sprayed with high priority herbicides for grasses from the three modes-of-action acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibitors haloxyfop, fenoxaprop, clodinafop, pinoxaden, clethodim, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, nicosulfuron, and the 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-inhibitor glyphosate. The highest manufacturer recommended label rates were applied for the products registered for use in New Zealand, often higher than the discriminatory rates used in studies elsewhere. Published studies of resistance were rare in New Zealand but we found weeds survived herbicide applications on 42 of the 87 (48%) randomly surveyed farms, while susceptible reference populations died. Resistance was found for ALS-inhibitors on 35 farms (40%) and to ACCase-inhibitors on 20 (23%) farms. The number of farms with resistant weeds (denominator is 87 farms) are reported for ACCase-inhibitors, ALS-inhibitors, and glyphosate respectively as: Avena fatua (9%, 1%, 0% of farms), Bromus catharticus (0%, 2%, 0%), Lolium spp. (17%, 28%, 0%), Phalaris minor (1%, 6%, 0%), and Vulpia bromoides (0%, not tested, 0%). Not all farms had the weeds present, five had no obvious weeds prior to harvest. This survey revealed New Zealand's first documented cases of resistance in P. minor (fenoxaprop, clodinafop, iodosulfuron) and B. catharticus (pyroxsulam). Twelve of the 87 randomly sampled farms (14%) had ALS-inhibitor chlorsulfuron-resistant sow thistles, mostly Sonchus asper but also S. oleraceus. Resistance was confirmed in industry-supplied samples of the grasses Digitaria sanguinalis (nicosulfuron, two maize farms), P. minor (iodosulfuron, one farm), and Lolium spp. (cases included glyphosate, haloxyfop, pinoxaden, iodosulfuron, and pyroxsulam, 9 farms). Industry also supplied Stellaria media samples that were resistant to chlorsulfuron and flumetsulam (ALS-inhibitors) sourced from clover and ryegrass fields from the North and South Island.Christopher E BuddenhagenTrevor K JamesZachary NgowDeborah L HackellM Phil RolstonRichard J ChynowethMatilda GunnarssonFengshuo LiKerry C HarringtonHossein GhanizadehPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258685 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Christopher E Buddenhagen Trevor K James Zachary Ngow Deborah L Hackell M Phil Rolston Richard J Chynoweth Matilda Gunnarsson Fengshuo Li Kerry C Harrington Hossein Ghanizadeh Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms.
description	To estimate the prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds, 87 wheat and barley farms were randomly surveyed in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Over 600 weed seed samples from up to 10 mother plants per taxon depending on abundance, were collected immediately prior to harvest (two fields per farm). Some samples provided by agronomists were tested on an ad-hoc basis. Over 40,000 seedlings were grown to the 2-4 leaf stage in glasshouse conditions and sprayed with high priority herbicides for grasses from the three modes-of-action acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibitors haloxyfop, fenoxaprop, clodinafop, pinoxaden, clethodim, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, nicosulfuron, and the 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-inhibitor glyphosate. The highest manufacturer recommended label rates were applied for the products registered for use in New Zealand, often higher than the discriminatory rates used in studies elsewhere. Published studies of resistance were rare in New Zealand but we found weeds survived herbicide applications on 42 of the 87 (48%) randomly surveyed farms, while susceptible reference populations died. Resistance was found for ALS-inhibitors on 35 farms (40%) and to ACCase-inhibitors on 20 (23%) farms. The number of farms with resistant weeds (denominator is 87 farms) are reported for ACCase-inhibitors, ALS-inhibitors, and glyphosate respectively as: Avena fatua (9%, 1%, 0% of farms), Bromus catharticus (0%, 2%, 0%), Lolium spp. (17%, 28%, 0%), Phalaris minor (1%, 6%, 0%), and Vulpia bromoides (0%, not tested, 0%). Not all farms had the weeds present, five had no obvious weeds prior to harvest. This survey revealed New Zealand's first documented cases of resistance in P. minor (fenoxaprop, clodinafop, iodosulfuron) and B. catharticus (pyroxsulam). Twelve of the 87 randomly sampled farms (14%) had ALS-inhibitor chlorsulfuron-resistant sow thistles, mostly Sonchus asper but also S. oleraceus. Resistance was confirmed in industry-supplied samples of the grasses Digitaria sanguinalis (nicosulfuron, two maize farms), P. minor (iodosulfuron, one farm), and Lolium spp. (cases included glyphosate, haloxyfop, pinoxaden, iodosulfuron, and pyroxsulam, 9 farms). Industry also supplied Stellaria media samples that were resistant to chlorsulfuron and flumetsulam (ALS-inhibitors) sourced from clover and ryegrass fields from the North and South Island.
format	article
author	Christopher E Buddenhagen Trevor K James Zachary Ngow Deborah L Hackell M Phil Rolston Richard J Chynoweth Matilda Gunnarsson Fengshuo Li Kerry C Harrington Hossein Ghanizadeh
author_facet	Christopher E Buddenhagen Trevor K James Zachary Ngow Deborah L Hackell M Phil Rolston Richard J Chynoweth Matilda Gunnarsson Fengshuo Li Kerry C Harrington Hossein Ghanizadeh
author_sort	Christopher E Buddenhagen
title	Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms.
title_short	Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms.
title_full	Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms.
title_fullStr	Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms.
title_full_unstemmed	Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms.
title_sort	resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on new zealand wheat and barley farms.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/45ab9831b7fa4a9d94ec3ec2c0e252e0
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Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms.

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