Comparison of Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Diabetic Retinopathy: A Case-control Study
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is characterised by hyperglycaemia. Chronic elevation of hyperglycaemia lead to generation of free radicals and Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) which results in damage of many organs such as heart, kidney, eyes, nerves and blood vessels. Diabetic Retinopath...
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2021
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| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/45c49122b9044ad2998c90bac984699a |
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| Sumario: | Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is characterised by hyperglycaemia.
Chronic elevation of hyperglycaemia lead to generation of free
radicals and Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) which
results in damage of many organs such as heart, kidney, eyes,
nerves and blood vessels. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading
cause of blindness among diabetic patients. Vitamin B12 is a vital
micronutrient that is essential for the proper functioning of the
central nervous, cardiovascular and haemopoetic systems. It is
also found that its deficiency is more prevalent in Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus (T2DM) and evident clinically.
Aim: To compare the serum vitamin B12 levels and Glycated
Haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with and without diabetic
retinopathy.
Materials and Methods: This was hospital based observational
case-control study conducted in Biochemistry Department in
collaboration with Ophthalmology Department at the Oxford
Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Yadavanahalli,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from January 2018 to June 2018
with total of 90 subjects. Among 90 patients, 30 patients were
with diabetes mellitus with Retinopathy (DR), 30 were with
diabetes mellitus without retinopathy (NDR) and 30 were also
recruited as control (healthy individuals). The mean and standard
deviation were used to describe continuous data. Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically compare the mean
difference between more than two sets of quantitative data.
Results: The mean plasma blood glucose levels were higher in
T2D patients with DR, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) (270.4±94.2
mg/dL) and Postprandial Blood Glucose (PPBG) (425.6±131.8
mg/dL) compared to control subjects FBG (95.4±10.7 mg/dL).
Among the T2D patients the plasma HbA1c concentration of
DR group was found to be higher (11.0±2.3%) compared to the
NDR group (p-value <0.001). While, the blood levels of vitamin
B12 were comparable between the groups, serum vitamin B12
levels were significantly lower (p-value <0.001) in T2DM group
with DR (200.7±201.9 pg/mL) compared to the control group
(1004.8±304 pg/mL).
Conclusion: The patients with diabetic retinopathy showed that
low serum vitamin B12 is associated with elevated Glycated
haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as a result of poor glycaemic
control, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress leading to
development and progression of DR. |
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