The Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities

ABSTRACT Bacteria live in complex multispecies communities. Intimately interacting bacterial cells are ubiquitous on biological and mineral surfaces in all habitats. Molecular and cellular biologists have unraveled some key mechanisms that modulate bacterial interactions, but the ecology and evoluti...

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Autores principales:	J. L. Sachs, A. C. Hollowell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2012
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45c6a521299a408d91d74e5839c5abf6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45c6a521299a408d91d74e5839c5abf62021-11-15T15:39:02ZThe Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities10.1128/mBio.00099-122150-7511https://doaj.org/article/45c6a521299a408d91d74e5839c5abf62012-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00099-12https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Bacteria live in complex multispecies communities. Intimately interacting bacterial cells are ubiquitous on biological and mineral surfaces in all habitats. Molecular and cellular biologists have unraveled some key mechanisms that modulate bacterial interactions, but the ecology and evolution of these associations remain poorly understood. One debate has focused on the relative importance of cooperation among cells in bacterial communities. Some researchers suggest that communication and cooperation, both within and among bacterial species, have produced emergent properties that give such groups a selective advantage. Evolutionary biologists have countered that the appearance of group-level traits should be viewed with caution, as natural selection almost invariably favors selfishness. A recent theory by Morris, Lenski, and Zinser, called the Black Queen Hypothesis, gives a new perspective on this debate (J. J. Morris, R. E. Lenski, and E. R. Zinser, mBio 3(2):e00036-12, 2012). These authors present a model that reshapes a decades-old idea: cooperation among species can be automatic and based upon purely selfish traits. Moreover, this hypothesis stands in contrast to the Red Queen Hypothesis, which states that species are in constant evolutionary conflict. Two assumptions serve as the core of the Black Queen model. First, bacterial functions are often leaky, such that cells unavoidably produce resources that benefit others. Second, the receivers of such by-products will tend to delete their own costly pathways for those products, thus building dependency into the interactions. Although not explicitly required in their model, an emergent prediction is that the initiation of such dependency can favor the spread of more obligate coevolved partnerships. This new paradigm suggests that bacteria might often form interdependent cooperative interactions in communities and moreover that bacterial cooperation should leave a clear genomic signature via complementary loss of shared diffusible functions.J. L. SachsA. C. HollowellAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 3, Iss 3 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 J. L. Sachs A. C. Hollowell The Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities
description	ABSTRACT Bacteria live in complex multispecies communities. Intimately interacting bacterial cells are ubiquitous on biological and mineral surfaces in all habitats. Molecular and cellular biologists have unraveled some key mechanisms that modulate bacterial interactions, but the ecology and evolution of these associations remain poorly understood. One debate has focused on the relative importance of cooperation among cells in bacterial communities. Some researchers suggest that communication and cooperation, both within and among bacterial species, have produced emergent properties that give such groups a selective advantage. Evolutionary biologists have countered that the appearance of group-level traits should be viewed with caution, as natural selection almost invariably favors selfishness. A recent theory by Morris, Lenski, and Zinser, called the Black Queen Hypothesis, gives a new perspective on this debate (J. J. Morris, R. E. Lenski, and E. R. Zinser, mBio 3(2):e00036-12, 2012). These authors present a model that reshapes a decades-old idea: cooperation among species can be automatic and based upon purely selfish traits. Moreover, this hypothesis stands in contrast to the Red Queen Hypothesis, which states that species are in constant evolutionary conflict. Two assumptions serve as the core of the Black Queen model. First, bacterial functions are often leaky, such that cells unavoidably produce resources that benefit others. Second, the receivers of such by-products will tend to delete their own costly pathways for those products, thus building dependency into the interactions. Although not explicitly required in their model, an emergent prediction is that the initiation of such dependency can favor the spread of more obligate coevolved partnerships. This new paradigm suggests that bacteria might often form interdependent cooperative interactions in communities and moreover that bacterial cooperation should leave a clear genomic signature via complementary loss of shared diffusible functions.
format	article
author	J. L. Sachs A. C. Hollowell
author_facet	J. L. Sachs A. C. Hollowell
author_sort	J. L. Sachs
title	The Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities
title_short	The Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities
title_full	The Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities
title_fullStr	The Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities
title_full_unstemmed	The Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities
title_sort	origins of cooperative bacterial communities
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/45c6a521299a408d91d74e5839c5abf6
work_keys_str_mv	AT jlsachs theoriginsofcooperativebacterialcommunities AT achollowell theoriginsofcooperativebacterialcommunities AT jlsachs originsofcooperativebacterialcommunities AT achollowell originsofcooperativebacterialcommunities
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The Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities

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