Bioconversion of Digestate, Pig Manure and Vegetal Residue-Based Waste Operated by Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Insects can play an important role to upgrade waste streams into high-grade proteins and fats as food and feed ingredients or non-food products. The aim of this research was to assess the feasibility to use waste streams with a low value for direct application as animal feed as substrates to grow BS...

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Autores principales:	Teun Veldkamp, Klaas van Rozen, Hellen Elissen, Piet van Wikselaar, Rommie van der Weide
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bioconversion biowaste black soldier fly larvae digestate manure Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45de5c4b32cb419383c23775b51e7e80
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45de5c4b32cb419383c23775b51e7e802021-11-25T16:14:44ZBioconversion of Digestate, Pig Manure and Vegetal Residue-Based Waste Operated by Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)10.3390/ani111130822076-2615https://doaj.org/article/45de5c4b32cb419383c23775b51e7e802021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3082https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Insects can play an important role to upgrade waste streams into high-grade proteins and fats as food and feed ingredients or non-food products. The aim of this research was to assess the feasibility to use waste streams with a low value for direct application as animal feed as substrates to grow BSF larvae in terms of larval growth rate, waste reduction index, and efficiency of conversion of ingested feed. The growth of black soldier fly (BSF), <i>Hermetia illucens</i> larvae and conversion of biowaste was assessed in triplicate in biowaste substrates: chicken feed (CF; reference diet), pig manure solid (PMS), Betafert<sup>®</sup> solid (BTFS), swill (SW), olive pulp (OP), pig manure liquid mixed with chicken feed (PMLCF), and silage grass (SG). Per kilogram fresh substrate 2500 starter (8-days-old, second instar) larvae were incubated in 21 plastic containers (75 × 47 × 15 cm). The BSF larvae were fed according to a batch feeding system. Highest growth rate was found in larvae reared on SW (13.4 mg/d). Larval growth rate was even higher than in larvae reared on the reference substrate CF (7.2 mg/d). Growth rate in larvae reared on PMLCF (7.3 mg/d) did not differ from CF, whereas growth rate of larvae reared on PMS (3.2 mg/d) was lower than on CF. Growth rate of larvae reared on BTFS, OP and SG was very low (0.6, 0.2 and 0.7 mg/d, respectively). Waste Reduction Index (WRI) was highest on SW (11.3), followed by PMLCF (9.3), and both were higher than WRI on CF (8.5). Waste Reduction Index further decreased in descending order from PMS, SG, BTFS to OP (7.6, 4.0, 2.9 and 1.7, respectively). The Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested substrate (ECI) was highest on SW (0.31), followed in descending order by PMLCF, CF and PMS (0.25, 0.21 and 0.18, respectively). The substrates OP, BTFS and SG (0.16, 0.15 and 0.14, respectively) resulted in a lower ECI than other substrates. Highest CO<sub>2</sub> and lowest NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations were found above substrates with the highest larval growth performances. This study showed that BSF larvae can be reared on different biowaste substrates; the growth rate of the larvae was extremely high on SW. The effects of chemical composition and physical properties of the substrates on larval growth and gas emissions should be further considered.Teun VeldkampKlaas van RozenHellen ElissenPiet van WikselaarRommie van der WeideMDPI AGarticlebioconversionbiowasteblack soldier fly larvaedigestatemanureVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3082, p 3082 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bioconversion biowaste black soldier fly larvae digestate manure Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	bioconversion biowaste black soldier fly larvae digestate manure Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Teun Veldkamp Klaas van Rozen Hellen Elissen Piet van Wikselaar Rommie van der Weide Bioconversion of Digestate, Pig Manure and Vegetal Residue-Based Waste Operated by Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
description	Insects can play an important role to upgrade waste streams into high-grade proteins and fats as food and feed ingredients or non-food products. The aim of this research was to assess the feasibility to use waste streams with a low value for direct application as animal feed as substrates to grow BSF larvae in terms of larval growth rate, waste reduction index, and efficiency of conversion of ingested feed. The growth of black soldier fly (BSF), <i>Hermetia illucens</i> larvae and conversion of biowaste was assessed in triplicate in biowaste substrates: chicken feed (CF; reference diet), pig manure solid (PMS), Betafert<sup>®</sup> solid (BTFS), swill (SW), olive pulp (OP), pig manure liquid mixed with chicken feed (PMLCF), and silage grass (SG). Per kilogram fresh substrate 2500 starter (8-days-old, second instar) larvae were incubated in 21 plastic containers (75 × 47 × 15 cm). The BSF larvae were fed according to a batch feeding system. Highest growth rate was found in larvae reared on SW (13.4 mg/d). Larval growth rate was even higher than in larvae reared on the reference substrate CF (7.2 mg/d). Growth rate in larvae reared on PMLCF (7.3 mg/d) did not differ from CF, whereas growth rate of larvae reared on PMS (3.2 mg/d) was lower than on CF. Growth rate of larvae reared on BTFS, OP and SG was very low (0.6, 0.2 and 0.7 mg/d, respectively). Waste Reduction Index (WRI) was highest on SW (11.3), followed by PMLCF (9.3), and both were higher than WRI on CF (8.5). Waste Reduction Index further decreased in descending order from PMS, SG, BTFS to OP (7.6, 4.0, 2.9 and 1.7, respectively). The Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested substrate (ECI) was highest on SW (0.31), followed in descending order by PMLCF, CF and PMS (0.25, 0.21 and 0.18, respectively). The substrates OP, BTFS and SG (0.16, 0.15 and 0.14, respectively) resulted in a lower ECI than other substrates. Highest CO<sub>2</sub> and lowest NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations were found above substrates with the highest larval growth performances. This study showed that BSF larvae can be reared on different biowaste substrates; the growth rate of the larvae was extremely high on SW. The effects of chemical composition and physical properties of the substrates on larval growth and gas emissions should be further considered.
format	article
author	Teun Veldkamp Klaas van Rozen Hellen Elissen Piet van Wikselaar Rommie van der Weide
author_facet	Teun Veldkamp Klaas van Rozen Hellen Elissen Piet van Wikselaar Rommie van der Weide
author_sort	Teun Veldkamp
title	Bioconversion of Digestate, Pig Manure and Vegetal Residue-Based Waste Operated by Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
title_short	Bioconversion of Digestate, Pig Manure and Vegetal Residue-Based Waste Operated by Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
title_full	Bioconversion of Digestate, Pig Manure and Vegetal Residue-Based Waste Operated by Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
title_fullStr	Bioconversion of Digestate, Pig Manure and Vegetal Residue-Based Waste Operated by Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
title_full_unstemmed	Bioconversion of Digestate, Pig Manure and Vegetal Residue-Based Waste Operated by Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
title_sort	bioconversion of digestate, pig manure and vegetal residue-based waste operated by black soldier fly larvae, <i>hermetia illucens</i> l. (diptera: stratiomyidae)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/45de5c4b32cb419383c23775b51e7e80
work_keys_str_mv	AT teunveldkamp bioconversionofdigestatepigmanureandvegetalresiduebasedwasteoperatedbyblacksoldierflylarvaeihermetiaillucensildipterastratiomyidae AT klaasvanrozen bioconversionofdigestatepigmanureandvegetalresiduebasedwasteoperatedbyblacksoldierflylarvaeihermetiaillucensildipterastratiomyidae AT hellenelissen bioconversionofdigestatepigmanureandvegetalresiduebasedwasteoperatedbyblacksoldierflylarvaeihermetiaillucensildipterastratiomyidae AT pietvanwikselaar bioconversionofdigestatepigmanureandvegetalresiduebasedwasteoperatedbyblacksoldierflylarvaeihermetiaillucensildipterastratiomyidae AT rommievanderweide bioconversionofdigestatepigmanureandvegetalresiduebasedwasteoperatedbyblacksoldierflylarvaeihermetiaillucensildipterastratiomyidae
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Bioconversion of Digestate, Pig Manure and Vegetal Residue-Based Waste Operated by Black Soldier Fly Larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

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