Structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems

Discoloration events caused by loose deposits resuspension in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are the main aspects of customer complaints across the world, but the understanding of the potential risks of loose deposits is insufficient. In this study, loose deposits in real DWDS were colle...

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Autores principales:	Yuan Zhuang, Xinyi Qin, Yongtong Li, Shuo Xu, Ying Yu, Yifan Gu, Baoyou Shi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	discoloration events drinking water distribution system loose deposits Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45e241b30e8647c284ab6343de79af1e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45e241b30e8647c284ab6343de79af1e2021-11-05T17:17:00ZStructural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems2709-80282709-803610.2166/aqua.2021.050https://doaj.org/article/45e241b30e8647c284ab6343de79af1e2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://aqua.iwaponline.com/content/70/6/811https://doaj.org/toc/2709-8028https://doaj.org/toc/2709-8036Discoloration events caused by loose deposits resuspension in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are the main aspects of customer complaints across the world, but the understanding of the potential risks of loose deposits is insufficient. In this study, loose deposits in real DWDS were collected from regions frequently experiencing ‘yellow water’. Cytotoxicity of healthy human liver cells was used to evaluate the toxicity risks of the particle samples. The results showed that the loose deposits would have a realistic discoloration risk (turbidity > 10 NTU) when their concentrations were higher than 10 mg/L. The water sample containing 1,000 mg/L loose deposits had a dark yellow color (100–300 PCU) and cytotoxicity (viability of human liver cells during cytotoxicity tests 59.18–80.69%), while the water sample containing 1 mg/L loose deposits did not have obvious color (<15 PCU) and cytotoxicity (>97.00%). Particle size showed a stronger correlation with relative viability (r = 0.761) than other properties (specific area, metal content, contact angle, saturation magnetization and electron transfer number). However, it is interesting to note that both turbidity and color had a low correlation with relative viability, thus the toxicity of the particles could not be properly judged using turbidity or color. This study gives an important guidance that although the loose deposits could be visualized during water discoloration, its toxicity risks could not be evaluated through aesthetic indicators. HIGHLIGHTS Loose deposits >10 mg/L had a realistic discoloration risk.; The cell viability of 1,000 mg/L loose deposit particles was 59.18–80.69%.; Particle size showed a stronger correlation with toxicity than other properties.; Toxicity of loose deposits could not be judged using turbidity or color.;Yuan ZhuangXinyi QinYongtong LiShuo XuYing YuYifan GuBaoyou ShiIWA Publishingarticlediscoloration eventsdrinking water distribution systemloose depositsEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENAqua, Vol 70, Iss 6, Pp 811-821 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	discoloration events drinking water distribution system loose deposits Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	discoloration events drinking water distribution system loose deposits Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Yuan Zhuang Xinyi Qin Yongtong Li Shuo Xu Ying Yu Yifan Gu Baoyou Shi Structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems
description	Discoloration events caused by loose deposits resuspension in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are the main aspects of customer complaints across the world, but the understanding of the potential risks of loose deposits is insufficient. In this study, loose deposits in real DWDS were collected from regions frequently experiencing ‘yellow water’. Cytotoxicity of healthy human liver cells was used to evaluate the toxicity risks of the particle samples. The results showed that the loose deposits would have a realistic discoloration risk (turbidity > 10 NTU) when their concentrations were higher than 10 mg/L. The water sample containing 1,000 mg/L loose deposits had a dark yellow color (100–300 PCU) and cytotoxicity (viability of human liver cells during cytotoxicity tests 59.18–80.69%), while the water sample containing 1 mg/L loose deposits did not have obvious color (<15 PCU) and cytotoxicity (>97.00%). Particle size showed a stronger correlation with relative viability (r = 0.761) than other properties (specific area, metal content, contact angle, saturation magnetization and electron transfer number). However, it is interesting to note that both turbidity and color had a low correlation with relative viability, thus the toxicity of the particles could not be properly judged using turbidity or color. This study gives an important guidance that although the loose deposits could be visualized during water discoloration, its toxicity risks could not be evaluated through aesthetic indicators. HIGHLIGHTS Loose deposits >10 mg/L had a realistic discoloration risk.; The cell viability of 1,000 mg/L loose deposit particles was 59.18–80.69%.; Particle size showed a stronger correlation with toxicity than other properties.; Toxicity of loose deposits could not be judged using turbidity or color.;
format	article
author	Yuan Zhuang Xinyi Qin Yongtong Li Shuo Xu Ying Yu Yifan Gu Baoyou Shi
author_facet	Yuan Zhuang Xinyi Qin Yongtong Li Shuo Xu Ying Yu Yifan Gu Baoyou Shi
author_sort	Yuan Zhuang
title	Structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems
title_short	Structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems
title_full	Structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems
title_fullStr	Structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems
title_full_unstemmed	Structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems
title_sort	structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/45e241b30e8647c284ab6343de79af1e
work_keys_str_mv	AT yuanzhuang structuralpropertyandriskassessmentofloosedepositsindrinkingwaterdistributionsystems AT xinyiqin structuralpropertyandriskassessmentofloosedepositsindrinkingwaterdistributionsystems AT yongtongli structuralpropertyandriskassessmentofloosedepositsindrinkingwaterdistributionsystems AT shuoxu structuralpropertyandriskassessmentofloosedepositsindrinkingwaterdistributionsystems AT yingyu structuralpropertyandriskassessmentofloosedepositsindrinkingwaterdistributionsystems AT yifangu structuralpropertyandriskassessmentofloosedepositsindrinkingwaterdistributionsystems AT baoyoushi structuralpropertyandriskassessmentofloosedepositsindrinkingwaterdistributionsystems
_version_	1718444098335014912

Structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems

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