Transmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus species A.

Despite being phylogenetically very close to Anopheles gambiae, the major mosquito vector of human malaria in Africa, Anopheles quadriannulatus is thought to be a non-vector. Understanding the difference between vector and non-vector mosquitoes can facilitate development of novel malaria control str...

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Autores principales:	Tibebu Habtewold, Michael Povelones, Andrew M Blagborough, George K Christophides
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4601efad7c8f443c812200ee6df2a168
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4601efad7c8f443c812200ee6df2a1682021-11-25T05:46:34ZTransmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus species A.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1000070https://doaj.org/article/4601efad7c8f443c812200ee6df2a1682008-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18497855/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Despite being phylogenetically very close to Anopheles gambiae, the major mosquito vector of human malaria in Africa, Anopheles quadriannulatus is thought to be a non-vector. Understanding the difference between vector and non-vector mosquitoes can facilitate development of novel malaria control strategies. We demonstrate that An. quadriannulatus is largely resistant to infections by the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum, as well as by the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei. By using genetics and reverse genetics, we show that resistance is controlled by quantitative heritable traits and manifested by lysis or melanization of ookinetes in the mosquito midgut, as well as by killing of parasites at subsequent stages of their development in the mosquito. Genes encoding two leucine-rich repeat proteins, LRIM1 and LRIM2, and the thioester-containing protein, TEP1, are identified as essential in these immune reactions. Their silencing completely abolishes P. berghei melanization and dramatically increases the number of oocysts, thus transforming An. quadriannulatus into a highly permissive parasite host. We hypothesize that the mosquito immune system is an important cause of natural refractoriness to malaria and that utilization of this innate capacity of mosquitoes could lead to new methods to control transmission of the disease.Tibebu HabtewoldMichael PovelonesAndrew M BlagboroughGeorge K ChristophidesPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 4, Iss 5, p e1000070 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Tibebu Habtewold Michael Povelones Andrew M Blagborough George K Christophides Transmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus species A.
description	Despite being phylogenetically very close to Anopheles gambiae, the major mosquito vector of human malaria in Africa, Anopheles quadriannulatus is thought to be a non-vector. Understanding the difference between vector and non-vector mosquitoes can facilitate development of novel malaria control strategies. We demonstrate that An. quadriannulatus is largely resistant to infections by the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum, as well as by the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei. By using genetics and reverse genetics, we show that resistance is controlled by quantitative heritable traits and manifested by lysis or melanization of ookinetes in the mosquito midgut, as well as by killing of parasites at subsequent stages of their development in the mosquito. Genes encoding two leucine-rich repeat proteins, LRIM1 and LRIM2, and the thioester-containing protein, TEP1, are identified as essential in these immune reactions. Their silencing completely abolishes P. berghei melanization and dramatically increases the number of oocysts, thus transforming An. quadriannulatus into a highly permissive parasite host. We hypothesize that the mosquito immune system is an important cause of natural refractoriness to malaria and that utilization of this innate capacity of mosquitoes could lead to new methods to control transmission of the disease.
format	article
author	Tibebu Habtewold Michael Povelones Andrew M Blagborough George K Christophides
author_facet	Tibebu Habtewold Michael Povelones Andrew M Blagborough George K Christophides
author_sort	Tibebu Habtewold
title	Transmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus species A.
title_short	Transmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus species A.
title_full	Transmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus species A.
title_fullStr	Transmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus species A.
title_full_unstemmed	Transmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus species A.
title_sort	transmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito anopheles quadriannulatus species a.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/4601efad7c8f443c812200ee6df2a168
work_keys_str_mv	AT tibebuhabtewold transmissionblockingimmunityinthemalarianonvectormosquitoanophelesquadriannulatusspeciesa AT michaelpovelones transmissionblockingimmunityinthemalarianonvectormosquitoanophelesquadriannulatusspeciesa AT andrewmblagborough transmissionblockingimmunityinthemalarianonvectormosquitoanophelesquadriannulatusspeciesa AT georgekchristophides transmissionblockingimmunityinthemalarianonvectormosquitoanophelesquadriannulatusspeciesa
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Transmission blocking immunity in the malaria non-vector mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus species A.

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