Blood Lead Levels in Mexico and Pediatric Burden of Disease Implications

Background: Although there has been success in reducing <a title="Learn more about Lead Poisoning" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lead-poisoning">lead exposure</a> with the phase-out of leaded gasoline, exposure to lead in Mexico con...

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Autores principales:	Jack Caravanos, Russell Dowling, Martha María Téllez-Rojo Dra, Alejandra Cantoral, Roni Kobrosly, Daniel Estrada, Manuela Orjuela, Sandra Gualtero, Bret Ericson MSc, Anthony Rivera, Richard Fuller
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2014
Materias:	lead blood lead level burden of disease children DALY disability-adjusted life-year pottery Mexico Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/461877e4b7bd4ac2a54bcdf6abbe8a14
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:461877e4b7bd4ac2a54bcdf6abbe8a142021-12-02T02:22:22ZBlood Lead Levels in Mexico and Pediatric Burden of Disease Implications2214-999610.1016/j.aogh.2014.08.002https://doaj.org/article/461877e4b7bd4ac2a54bcdf6abbe8a142014-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/2056https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Although there has been success in reducing <a title="Learn more about Lead Poisoning" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lead-poisoning">lead exposure</a> with the phase-out of leaded gasoline, exposure to lead in Mexico continues to threaten the health of millions, much of which is from lead-based glazes used in pottery that leaches into food. Objectives: An extensive historical review and analysis of available data on blood lead levels in Mexican populations was conducted. We used a calculated geometric mean to evaluate the effect of lead on the <a title="Learn more about Pediatrics" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/pediatrics">pediatric</a> burden of disease. Methods: An extensive bibliographic search identified 83 published articles from 1978 to 2010 with blood lead level (BLL) data in Mexican populations representing 150 data points from more than 50,000 study participants. Values from these publications were categorized into various groupings. We then calculated the incidence of disease and disability-adjusted life-years resulting from these BLLs using the World Health Organization's burden of disease spreadsheets for <a title="Learn more about Intellectual disability" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/intellectual-disability">mild mental retardation</a>. Results: Reviewing all relevant studies, the geometric means of Mexican BLLs in urban and rural areas were found to be 8.85 and 22.24 ug/dL, respectively. Since the phase-out of leaded gasoline, the mean in urban areas was found to be 5.36 ug/dL and the average in rural areas is expected to be much higher. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) upper limit of blood lead in children under the age of 6 years is 5 ug/dL and the current U.S. average is 1.2 ug/dL. Our results indicate that more than 15% of the population will experience a decrement of more than 5 IQ points from lead exposure. The analysis also leads us to believe that lead is responsible for 820,000 disability-adjusted life-years for lead-induced mild mental retardation for children aged 0 to 4 years. Conclusion: Lead continues to threaten the health of millions and remains a significant cause of disability in Mexico. Additional interventions in reducing or managing lead-based <a title="Learn more about Ceramic Glaze" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ceramic-glaze">ceramic glazes</a> are necessary to protect the public health.Jack CaravanosRussell DowlingMartha María Téllez-Rojo DraAlejandra CantoralRoni KobroslyDaniel EstradaManuela OrjuelaSandra GualteroBret Ericson MScAnthony RiveraRichard FullerUbiquity Pressarticleleadblood lead levelburden of diseasechildrenDALYdisability-adjusted life-yearpotteryMexicoInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 80, Iss 4, Pp 269-277 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lead blood lead level burden of disease children DALY disability-adjusted life-year pottery Mexico Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	lead blood lead level burden of disease children DALY disability-adjusted life-year pottery Mexico Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Jack Caravanos Russell Dowling Martha María Téllez-Rojo Dra Alejandra Cantoral Roni Kobrosly Daniel Estrada Manuela Orjuela Sandra Gualtero Bret Ericson MSc Anthony Rivera Richard Fuller Blood Lead Levels in Mexico and Pediatric Burden of Disease Implications
description	Background: Although there has been success in reducing <a title="Learn more about Lead Poisoning" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lead-poisoning">lead exposure</a> with the phase-out of leaded gasoline, exposure to lead in Mexico continues to threaten the health of millions, much of which is from lead-based glazes used in pottery that leaches into food. Objectives: An extensive historical review and analysis of available data on blood lead levels in Mexican populations was conducted. We used a calculated geometric mean to evaluate the effect of lead on the <a title="Learn more about Pediatrics" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/pediatrics">pediatric</a> burden of disease. Methods: An extensive bibliographic search identified 83 published articles from 1978 to 2010 with blood lead level (BLL) data in Mexican populations representing 150 data points from more than 50,000 study participants. Values from these publications were categorized into various groupings. We then calculated the incidence of disease and disability-adjusted life-years resulting from these BLLs using the World Health Organization's burden of disease spreadsheets for <a title="Learn more about Intellectual disability" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/intellectual-disability">mild mental retardation</a>. Results: Reviewing all relevant studies, the geometric means of Mexican BLLs in urban and rural areas were found to be 8.85 and 22.24 ug/dL, respectively. Since the phase-out of leaded gasoline, the mean in urban areas was found to be 5.36 ug/dL and the average in rural areas is expected to be much higher. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) upper limit of blood lead in children under the age of 6 years is 5 ug/dL and the current U.S. average is 1.2 ug/dL. Our results indicate that more than 15% of the population will experience a decrement of more than 5 IQ points from lead exposure. The analysis also leads us to believe that lead is responsible for 820,000 disability-adjusted life-years for lead-induced mild mental retardation for children aged 0 to 4 years. Conclusion: Lead continues to threaten the health of millions and remains a significant cause of disability in Mexico. Additional interventions in reducing or managing lead-based <a title="Learn more about Ceramic Glaze" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ceramic-glaze">ceramic glazes</a> are necessary to protect the public health.
format	article
author	Jack Caravanos Russell Dowling Martha María Téllez-Rojo Dra Alejandra Cantoral Roni Kobrosly Daniel Estrada Manuela Orjuela Sandra Gualtero Bret Ericson MSc Anthony Rivera Richard Fuller
author_facet	Jack Caravanos Russell Dowling Martha María Téllez-Rojo Dra Alejandra Cantoral Roni Kobrosly Daniel Estrada Manuela Orjuela Sandra Gualtero Bret Ericson MSc Anthony Rivera Richard Fuller
author_sort	Jack Caravanos
title	Blood Lead Levels in Mexico and Pediatric Burden of Disease Implications
title_short	Blood Lead Levels in Mexico and Pediatric Burden of Disease Implications
title_full	Blood Lead Levels in Mexico and Pediatric Burden of Disease Implications
title_fullStr	Blood Lead Levels in Mexico and Pediatric Burden of Disease Implications
title_full_unstemmed	Blood Lead Levels in Mexico and Pediatric Burden of Disease Implications
title_sort	blood lead levels in mexico and pediatric burden of disease implications
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/461877e4b7bd4ac2a54bcdf6abbe8a14
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Blood Lead Levels in Mexico and Pediatric Burden of Disease Implications

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