3D printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.

3D printing technology offers significant advantages in the development of objects and tools across an array of fields and has been implemented in an increasing number of ecological studies. As rates of degradation or chemical leaching of 3D printed models has not been well documented under environm...

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Autores principales:	Emily J Ruhl, Danielle L Dixson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4627fe2676234aa9bc244360920e49f0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4627fe2676234aa9bc244360920e49f02021-12-02T20:18:57Z3D printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0221157https://doaj.org/article/4627fe2676234aa9bc244360920e49f02019-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221157https://doaj.org/toc/1932-62033D printing technology offers significant advantages in the development of objects and tools across an array of fields and has been implemented in an increasing number of ecological studies. As rates of degradation or chemical leaching of 3D printed models has not been well documented under environmental conditions, it is essential to examine if these objects will alter the behavior or impact the survivorship of the focal species prior to widespread implementation. Here, we explored the efficacy of using 3D printed models in coral reef behavioral research, an area of study where this form of additive manufacturing could offer significant advantages. Coral-associated blue-green chromis (Chromis viridis) individuals were exposed to natural and 3D printed coral habitats, and larval mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) were offered 3D printed substrate as a settlement surface. Habitat association and behavioral analyses indicated that C. viridis did not discriminate or display modified behaviors between 3D printed and natural coral skeletons or between 3D printed materials. P. astreoides displayed significantly higher settlement when provided with 3D printed settlement surfaces than when provided with no settlement surface and settled at similar rates between 3D printed surfaces of differing materials. Additionally, growth and mortality of P. astreoides settled on different 3D printed surfaces did not significantly differ. Our results suggest that the 3D printed models used in this study are not inherently harmful to a coral reef fish or species of brooding coral, supporting further exploration of the benefits that these objects and others produced with additive manufacturing may offer as ecological research tools.Emily J RuhlDanielle L DixsonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e0221157 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Emily J Ruhl Danielle L Dixson 3D printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.
description	3D printing technology offers significant advantages in the development of objects and tools across an array of fields and has been implemented in an increasing number of ecological studies. As rates of degradation or chemical leaching of 3D printed models has not been well documented under environmental conditions, it is essential to examine if these objects will alter the behavior or impact the survivorship of the focal species prior to widespread implementation. Here, we explored the efficacy of using 3D printed models in coral reef behavioral research, an area of study where this form of additive manufacturing could offer significant advantages. Coral-associated blue-green chromis (Chromis viridis) individuals were exposed to natural and 3D printed coral habitats, and larval mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) were offered 3D printed substrate as a settlement surface. Habitat association and behavioral analyses indicated that C. viridis did not discriminate or display modified behaviors between 3D printed and natural coral skeletons or between 3D printed materials. P. astreoides displayed significantly higher settlement when provided with 3D printed settlement surfaces than when provided with no settlement surface and settled at similar rates between 3D printed surfaces of differing materials. Additionally, growth and mortality of P. astreoides settled on different 3D printed surfaces did not significantly differ. Our results suggest that the 3D printed models used in this study are not inherently harmful to a coral reef fish or species of brooding coral, supporting further exploration of the benefits that these objects and others produced with additive manufacturing may offer as ecological research tools.
format	article
author	Emily J Ruhl Danielle L Dixson
author_facet	Emily J Ruhl Danielle L Dixson
author_sort	Emily J Ruhl
title	3D printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.
title_short	3D printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.
title_full	3D printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.
title_fullStr	3D printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.
title_full_unstemmed	3D printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.
title_sort	3d printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/4627fe2676234aa9bc244360920e49f0
work_keys_str_mv	AT emilyjruhl 3dprintedobjectsdonotimpactthebehaviorofacoralassociateddamselfishorsurvivalofasettlingstonycoral AT danielleldixson 3dprintedobjectsdonotimpactthebehaviorofacoralassociateddamselfishorsurvivalofasettlingstonycoral
_version_	1718374220978716672

3D printed objects do not impact the behavior of a coral-associated damselfish or survival of a settling stony coral.

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