Effects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance

The development of rills on a hillslope whose soil is amended by biochar remains a topic to be developed. A theoretical rill flow resistance equation, obtained by the integration of a power velocity distribution, was assessed using available measurements at plot scale with a biochar added soil. The...

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Autores principales:	Alessio Nicosia, Vincenzo Pampalone, Vito Ferro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biochar rill erosion rill hydraulics soil quality soil remediation Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/46512cc497b74bc5a232f4aadfdfc2bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:46512cc497b74bc5a232f4aadfdfc2bc2021-11-11T19:55:24ZEffects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance10.3390/w132130362073-4441https://doaj.org/article/46512cc497b74bc5a232f4aadfdfc2bc2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3036https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The development of rills on a hillslope whose soil is amended by biochar remains a topic to be developed. A theoretical rill flow resistance equation, obtained by the integration of a power velocity distribution, was assessed using available measurements at plot scale with a biochar added soil. The biochar was incorporated and mixed with the arable soil using a biochar content <i>BC</i> of 6 and 12 kg m<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup>. The developed analysis demonstrated that an accurate estimate of the velocity profile parameter Г<sub>v</sub> can be obtained by the proposed power equation using an exponent <i>e</i> of the Reynolds number which decreases for increasing <i>BC</i> values. This result pointed out that the increase of biochar content dumps flow turbulence. The agreement between the measured friction factor values and those calculated by the proposed flow resistance equation, with Г<sub>v</sub> values estimated by the power equation calibrated on the available measurements, is characterized by errors which are always less than or equal to ±10% and less than or equal to ±3% for 75.0% of cases. In conclusion, the available measurements and the developed analysis allowed for (i) the calibration of the relationship between Г<sub>v</sub>, the bed slope, the flow Froude number, and the Reynolds number, (ii) the assessment of the influence of biochar content on flow resistance and, (iii) stating that the theoretical flow resistance equation gives an accurate estimate of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor for rill flows on biochar added soils.Alessio NicosiaVincenzo PampaloneVito FerroMDPI AGarticlebiocharrill erosionrill hydraulicssoil qualitysoil remediationHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3036, p 3036 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biochar rill erosion rill hydraulics soil quality soil remediation Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	biochar rill erosion rill hydraulics soil quality soil remediation Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Alessio Nicosia Vincenzo Pampalone Vito Ferro Effects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance
description	The development of rills on a hillslope whose soil is amended by biochar remains a topic to be developed. A theoretical rill flow resistance equation, obtained by the integration of a power velocity distribution, was assessed using available measurements at plot scale with a biochar added soil. The biochar was incorporated and mixed with the arable soil using a biochar content <i>BC</i> of 6 and 12 kg m<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup>. The developed analysis demonstrated that an accurate estimate of the velocity profile parameter Г<sub>v</sub> can be obtained by the proposed power equation using an exponent <i>e</i> of the Reynolds number which decreases for increasing <i>BC</i> values. This result pointed out that the increase of biochar content dumps flow turbulence. The agreement between the measured friction factor values and those calculated by the proposed flow resistance equation, with Г<sub>v</sub> values estimated by the power equation calibrated on the available measurements, is characterized by errors which are always less than or equal to ±10% and less than or equal to ±3% for 75.0% of cases. In conclusion, the available measurements and the developed analysis allowed for (i) the calibration of the relationship between Г<sub>v</sub>, the bed slope, the flow Froude number, and the Reynolds number, (ii) the assessment of the influence of biochar content on flow resistance and, (iii) stating that the theoretical flow resistance equation gives an accurate estimate of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor for rill flows on biochar added soils.
format	article
author	Alessio Nicosia Vincenzo Pampalone Vito Ferro
author_facet	Alessio Nicosia Vincenzo Pampalone Vito Ferro
author_sort	Alessio Nicosia
title	Effects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance
title_short	Effects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance
title_full	Effects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance
title_fullStr	Effects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance
title_sort	effects of biochar addition on rill flow resistance
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/46512cc497b74bc5a232f4aadfdfc2bc
work_keys_str_mv	AT alessionicosia effectsofbiocharadditiononrillflowresistance AT vincenzopampalone effectsofbiocharadditiononrillflowresistance AT vitoferro effectsofbiocharadditiononrillflowresistance
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Effects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance

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