Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing European plums.

Neck shrivel is a quality disorder of European plum (Prunus × domestica L.). It has been suggested that backflow in the xylem (from fruit to tree) could contribute to the incidence of neck shrivel in plum. The objective was to quantify rates of xylem, phloem and of transpiration flow in developing p...

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Autores principales:	Andreas Winkler, Moritz Knoche
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4672c1193465492d9fea4f46f6eb10ce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4672c1193465492d9fea4f46f6eb10ce2021-12-02T20:11:16ZXylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing European plums.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0252085https://doaj.org/article/4672c1193465492d9fea4f46f6eb10ce2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252085https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Neck shrivel is a quality disorder of European plum (Prunus × domestica L.). It has been suggested that backflow in the xylem (from fruit to tree) could contribute to the incidence of neck shrivel in plum. The objective was to quantify rates of xylem, phloem and of transpiration flow in developing plum fruit. Using linear variable displacement transducers, changes in fruit volume were recorded 1) in un-treated control fruit, 2) in fruit that had their pedicels steam-girdled (phloem interrupted, xylem still functional) and 3) in detached fruit, left in the canopy (xylem and phloem interrupted). Xylem flow rates were occasionally negative in the early hours after sunrise, indicating xylem sap backflow from fruit to tree. Later in the day, xylem flows were positive and generally higher in daytime and lower at night. Significant phloem flow occurred in daytime, but ceased after sunset. During stage II (but not during stage III), the rates of xylem flow and transpiration were variable and closely related to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. The relative contribution of xylem inflow to total sap inflow averaged 79% during stage II, decreasing to 25% during stage III. In contrast, phloem sap inflow averaged 21% of total sap inflow during stage II, increasing to 75% in stage III. Our results indicate that xylem backflow occurs early in the day. However, xylem backflow rates are considered too low to significantly contribute to the incidence of neck shrivel.Andreas WinklerMoritz KnochePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0252085 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Andreas Winkler Moritz Knoche Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing European plums.
description	Neck shrivel is a quality disorder of European plum (Prunus × domestica L.). It has been suggested that backflow in the xylem (from fruit to tree) could contribute to the incidence of neck shrivel in plum. The objective was to quantify rates of xylem, phloem and of transpiration flow in developing plum fruit. Using linear variable displacement transducers, changes in fruit volume were recorded 1) in un-treated control fruit, 2) in fruit that had their pedicels steam-girdled (phloem interrupted, xylem still functional) and 3) in detached fruit, left in the canopy (xylem and phloem interrupted). Xylem flow rates were occasionally negative in the early hours after sunrise, indicating xylem sap backflow from fruit to tree. Later in the day, xylem flows were positive and generally higher in daytime and lower at night. Significant phloem flow occurred in daytime, but ceased after sunset. During stage II (but not during stage III), the rates of xylem flow and transpiration were variable and closely related to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. The relative contribution of xylem inflow to total sap inflow averaged 79% during stage II, decreasing to 25% during stage III. In contrast, phloem sap inflow averaged 21% of total sap inflow during stage II, increasing to 75% in stage III. Our results indicate that xylem backflow occurs early in the day. However, xylem backflow rates are considered too low to significantly contribute to the incidence of neck shrivel.
format	article
author	Andreas Winkler Moritz Knoche
author_facet	Andreas Winkler Moritz Knoche
author_sort	Andreas Winkler
title	Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing European plums.
title_short	Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing European plums.
title_full	Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing European plums.
title_fullStr	Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing European plums.
title_full_unstemmed	Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing European plums.
title_sort	xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing european plums.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4672c1193465492d9fea4f46f6eb10ce
work_keys_str_mv	AT andreaswinkler xylemphloemandtranspirationflowsindevelopingeuropeanplums AT moritzknoche xylemphloemandtranspirationflowsindevelopingeuropeanplums
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Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing European plums.

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