Human remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians.

<h4>Background</h4>Later Pleistocene human evolution in East Asia remains poorly understood owing to a scarcity of well described, reliably classified and accurately dated fossils. Southwest China has been identified from genetic research as a hotspot of human diversity, containing ancie...

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Autores principales:	Darren Curnoe, Ji Xueping, Andy I R Herries, Bai Kanning, Paul S C Taçon, Bao Zhende, David Fink, Zhu Yunsheng, John Hellstrom, Luo Yun, Gerasimos Cassis, Su Bing, Stephen Wroe, Hong Shi, William C H Parr, Huang Shengmin, Natalie Rogers
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/468bfd7631be49c48e9570d7f05e4877
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:468bfd7631be49c48e9570d7f05e48772021-11-18T07:25:14ZHuman remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0031918https://doaj.org/article/468bfd7631be49c48e9570d7f05e48772012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22431968/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Later Pleistocene human evolution in East Asia remains poorly understood owing to a scarcity of well described, reliably classified and accurately dated fossils. Southwest China has been identified from genetic research as a hotspot of human diversity, containing ancient mtDNA and Y-DNA lineages, and has yielded a number of human remains thought to derive from Pleistocene deposits. We have prepared, reconstructed, described and dated a new partial skull from a consolidated sediment block collected in 1979 from the site of Longlin Cave (Guangxi Province). We also undertook new excavations at Maludong (Yunnan Province) to clarify the stratigraphy and dating of a large sample of mostly undescribed human remains from the site.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We undertook a detailed comparison of cranial, including a virtual endocast for the Maludong calotte, mandibular and dental remains from these two localities. Both samples probably derive from the same population, exhibiting an unusual mixture of modern human traits, characters probably plesiomorphic for later Homo, and some unusual features. We dated charcoal with AMS radiocarbon dating and speleothem with the Uranium-series technique and the results show both samples to be from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition: ∼14.3-11.5 ka.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our analysis suggests two plausible explanations for the morphology sampled at Longlin Cave and Maludong. First, it may represent a late-surviving archaic population, perhaps paralleling the situation seen in North Africa as indicated by remains from Dar-es-Soltane and Temara, and maybe also in southern China at Zhirendong. Alternatively, East Asia may have been colonised during multiple waves during the Pleistocene, with the Longlin-Maludong morphology possibly reflecting deep population substructure in Africa prior to modern humans dispersing into Eurasia.Darren CurnoeJi XuepingAndy I R HerriesBai KanningPaul S C TaçonBao ZhendeDavid FinkZhu YunshengJohn HellstromLuo YunGerasimos CassisSu BingStephen WroeHong ShiWilliam C H ParrHuang ShengminNatalie RogersPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e31918 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Darren Curnoe Ji Xueping Andy I R Herries Bai Kanning Paul S C Taçon Bao Zhende David Fink Zhu Yunsheng John Hellstrom Luo Yun Gerasimos Cassis Su Bing Stephen Wroe Hong Shi William C H Parr Huang Shengmin Natalie Rogers Human remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Later Pleistocene human evolution in East Asia remains poorly understood owing to a scarcity of well described, reliably classified and accurately dated fossils. Southwest China has been identified from genetic research as a hotspot of human diversity, containing ancient mtDNA and Y-DNA lineages, and has yielded a number of human remains thought to derive from Pleistocene deposits. We have prepared, reconstructed, described and dated a new partial skull from a consolidated sediment block collected in 1979 from the site of Longlin Cave (Guangxi Province). We also undertook new excavations at Maludong (Yunnan Province) to clarify the stratigraphy and dating of a large sample of mostly undescribed human remains from the site.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We undertook a detailed comparison of cranial, including a virtual endocast for the Maludong calotte, mandibular and dental remains from these two localities. Both samples probably derive from the same population, exhibiting an unusual mixture of modern human traits, characters probably plesiomorphic for later Homo, and some unusual features. We dated charcoal with AMS radiocarbon dating and speleothem with the Uranium-series technique and the results show both samples to be from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition: ∼14.3-11.5 ka.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our analysis suggests two plausible explanations for the morphology sampled at Longlin Cave and Maludong. First, it may represent a late-surviving archaic population, perhaps paralleling the situation seen in North Africa as indicated by remains from Dar-es-Soltane and Temara, and maybe also in southern China at Zhirendong. Alternatively, East Asia may have been colonised during multiple waves during the Pleistocene, with the Longlin-Maludong morphology possibly reflecting deep population substructure in Africa prior to modern humans dispersing into Eurasia.
format	article
author	Darren Curnoe Ji Xueping Andy I R Herries Bai Kanning Paul S C Taçon Bao Zhende David Fink Zhu Yunsheng John Hellstrom Luo Yun Gerasimos Cassis Su Bing Stephen Wroe Hong Shi William C H Parr Huang Shengmin Natalie Rogers
author_facet	Darren Curnoe Ji Xueping Andy I R Herries Bai Kanning Paul S C Taçon Bao Zhende David Fink Zhu Yunsheng John Hellstrom Luo Yun Gerasimos Cassis Su Bing Stephen Wroe Hong Shi William C H Parr Huang Shengmin Natalie Rogers
author_sort	Darren Curnoe
title	Human remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians.
title_short	Human remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians.
title_full	Human remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians.
title_fullStr	Human remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians.
title_full_unstemmed	Human remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians.
title_sort	human remains from the pleistocene-holocene transition of southwest china suggest a complex evolutionary history for east asians.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/468bfd7631be49c48e9570d7f05e4877
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Human remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians.

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