Emissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere.

Metallurgical activities have been undertaken in northern South America (NSA) for millennia. However, it is still unknown how far atmospheric emissions from these activities have been transported. Since the timing of metallurgical activities is currently estimated from scarce archaeological discover...

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Autores principales:	François De Vleeschouwer, Heleen Vanneste, Dmitri Mauquoy, Natalia Piotrowska, Fernando Torrejón, Thomas Roland, Ariel Stein, Gaël Le Roux
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4697bebd67da41f98be530657a5598d6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4697bebd67da41f98be530657a5598d62021-11-25T05:55:09ZEmissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0111315https://doaj.org/article/4697bebd67da41f98be530657a5598d62014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111315https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Metallurgical activities have been undertaken in northern South America (NSA) for millennia. However, it is still unknown how far atmospheric emissions from these activities have been transported. Since the timing of metallurgical activities is currently estimated from scarce archaeological discoveries, the availability of reliable and continuous records to refine the timing of past metal deposition in South America is essential, as it provides an alternative to discontinuous archives, as well as evidence for global trace metal transport. We show in a peat record from Tierra del Fuego that anthropogenic metals likely have been emitted into the atmosphere and transported from NSA to southern South America (SSA) over the last 4200 yrs. These findings are supported by modern time back-trajectories from NSA to SSA. We further show that apparent anthropogenic Cu and Sb emissions predate any archaeological evidence for metallurgical activities. Lead and Sn were also emitted into the atmosphere as by-products of Inca and Spanish metallurgy, whereas local coal-gold rushes and the industrial revolution contributed to local contamination. We suggest that the onset of pre-Hispanic metallurgical activities is earlier than previously reported from archaeological records and that atmospheric emissions of metals were transported from NSA to SSA.François De VleeschouwerHeleen VannesteDmitri MauquoyNatalia PiotrowskaFernando TorrejónThomas RolandAriel SteinGaël Le RouxPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e111315 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q François De Vleeschouwer Heleen Vanneste Dmitri Mauquoy Natalia Piotrowska Fernando Torrejón Thomas Roland Ariel Stein Gaël Le Roux Emissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere.
description	Metallurgical activities have been undertaken in northern South America (NSA) for millennia. However, it is still unknown how far atmospheric emissions from these activities have been transported. Since the timing of metallurgical activities is currently estimated from scarce archaeological discoveries, the availability of reliable and continuous records to refine the timing of past metal deposition in South America is essential, as it provides an alternative to discontinuous archives, as well as evidence for global trace metal transport. We show in a peat record from Tierra del Fuego that anthropogenic metals likely have been emitted into the atmosphere and transported from NSA to southern South America (SSA) over the last 4200 yrs. These findings are supported by modern time back-trajectories from NSA to SSA. We further show that apparent anthropogenic Cu and Sb emissions predate any archaeological evidence for metallurgical activities. Lead and Sn were also emitted into the atmosphere as by-products of Inca and Spanish metallurgy, whereas local coal-gold rushes and the industrial revolution contributed to local contamination. We suggest that the onset of pre-Hispanic metallurgical activities is earlier than previously reported from archaeological records and that atmospheric emissions of metals were transported from NSA to SSA.
format	article
author	François De Vleeschouwer Heleen Vanneste Dmitri Mauquoy Natalia Piotrowska Fernando Torrejón Thomas Roland Ariel Stein Gaël Le Roux
author_facet	François De Vleeschouwer Heleen Vanneste Dmitri Mauquoy Natalia Piotrowska Fernando Torrejón Thomas Roland Ariel Stein Gaël Le Roux
author_sort	François De Vleeschouwer
title	Emissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere.
title_short	Emissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere.
title_full	Emissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere.
title_fullStr	Emissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere.
title_full_unstemmed	Emissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere.
title_sort	emissions from pre-hispanic metallurgy in the south american atmosphere.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/4697bebd67da41f98be530657a5598d6
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Emissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere.

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