Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand

Abstract. Menkham K, Sukmasuang R, Pla-Ard M, Charaspet K, Panganta T, Trisurat Y, Bhumpakphan N. 2019. Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 2213-2221. This...

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Autores principales:	KUSUMA MENKHAM, RONGLARP SUKMASUANG, MANANYA PLA-ARD, KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET, TARAPONE PANGANTA, YUNGYUT TRISURAT, NARIS BHUMPAKPHAN
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MBI & UNS Solo 2019
Materias:	wild elephant, camera trap, relative abundance, ungulate species, khao ang rue nai wildlife sanctuary Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/46db27cc401a40d9bf6b7b5092ba2597
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:46db27cc401a40d9bf6b7b5092ba25972021-11-21T21:43:55ZPopulation and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand1412-033X2085-472210.13057/biodiv/d200815https://doaj.org/article/46db27cc401a40d9bf6b7b5092ba25972019-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/4054https://doaj.org/toc/1412-033Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2085-4722Abstract. Menkham K, Sukmasuang R, Pla-Ard M, Charaspet K, Panganta T, Trisurat Y, Bhumpakphan N. 2019. Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 2213-2221. This study on the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population, habitat use and the diel activity patterns of elephants and five species of large even-toed ungulates was conducted between March 2017 and March 2018 in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province using intensive camera trapping. Fifty-eight camera traps were deployed, adding up to a total of 4,463 trap nights and revealing 1,760 independent encounters. Six species of mammals were recorded, including the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and five species of large even-toed ungulates; the gaur (Bos gaurus), the banteng (Bos javanicus), the sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), the wild boar (Sus scrofa), and the muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak). The abundance analysis reflected that the probability occupancy of the elephant was 0.92 (SE = 0.04); in dry seasons 0.97 (SE = 0.04) and in wet seasons 0.90 (SE = 0.83). The population of elephants within the study site of 87.95 km2 was within 79.51-334.15 individuals. The elephant age classes were identified as adult, sub-adult, juvenile, and calf with percentages of 77.85%, 5.71%, 9.28%, and 7.14%, respectively. The adult male to adult female sex-ratio was 1: 1.39 and the adult female per calf ratio was 1: 0.12. The percentage of the calf to adult female ratio was 9.17%. Maximum Entropy analysis revealed that saltlicks and artificial water sources were the environmental factors that had the most influence on the probability of occurrence of the elephant (all year). We found that the diel activity pattern of the elephants was strongly nocturnal (85% recorded between 18.00-05.59 hours). Temporal overlapping was seen between elephants and gaurs, bantengs and sambar deer in order. Suggestions for area management include improvement of water sources, salt licks, grassland management, and providing education, publicization, and strict control to decrease human activities within the protected area. There also should be continuous studies to monitor the population and the ecology of these species.KUSUMA MENKHAMRONGLARP SUKMASUANGMANANYA PLA-ARDKHWANRUTAI CHARASPETTARAPONE PANGANTAYUNGYUT TRISURATNARIS BHUMPAKPHANMBI & UNS Soloarticlewild elephant, camera trap, relative abundance, ungulate species, khao ang rue nai wildlife sanctuaryBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiodiversitas, Vol 20, Iss 8 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	wild elephant, camera trap, relative abundance, ungulate species, khao ang rue nai wildlife sanctuary Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	wild elephant, camera trap, relative abundance, ungulate species, khao ang rue nai wildlife sanctuary Biology (General) QH301-705.5 KUSUMA MENKHAM RONGLARP SUKMASUANG MANANYA PLA-ARD KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET TARAPONE PANGANTA YUNGYUT TRISURAT NARIS BHUMPAKPHAN Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
description	Abstract. Menkham K, Sukmasuang R, Pla-Ard M, Charaspet K, Panganta T, Trisurat Y, Bhumpakphan N. 2019. Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 2213-2221. This study on the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population, habitat use and the diel activity patterns of elephants and five species of large even-toed ungulates was conducted between March 2017 and March 2018 in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province using intensive camera trapping. Fifty-eight camera traps were deployed, adding up to a total of 4,463 trap nights and revealing 1,760 independent encounters. Six species of mammals were recorded, including the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and five species of large even-toed ungulates; the gaur (Bos gaurus), the banteng (Bos javanicus), the sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), the wild boar (Sus scrofa), and the muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak). The abundance analysis reflected that the probability occupancy of the elephant was 0.92 (SE = 0.04); in dry seasons 0.97 (SE = 0.04) and in wet seasons 0.90 (SE = 0.83). The population of elephants within the study site of 87.95 km2 was within 79.51-334.15 individuals. The elephant age classes were identified as adult, sub-adult, juvenile, and calf with percentages of 77.85%, 5.71%, 9.28%, and 7.14%, respectively. The adult male to adult female sex-ratio was 1: 1.39 and the adult female per calf ratio was 1: 0.12. The percentage of the calf to adult female ratio was 9.17%. Maximum Entropy analysis revealed that saltlicks and artificial water sources were the environmental factors that had the most influence on the probability of occurrence of the elephant (all year). We found that the diel activity pattern of the elephants was strongly nocturnal (85% recorded between 18.00-05.59 hours). Temporal overlapping was seen between elephants and gaurs, bantengs and sambar deer in order. Suggestions for area management include improvement of water sources, salt licks, grassland management, and providing education, publicization, and strict control to decrease human activities within the protected area. There also should be continuous studies to monitor the population and the ecology of these species.
format	article
author	KUSUMA MENKHAM RONGLARP SUKMASUANG MANANYA PLA-ARD KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET TARAPONE PANGANTA YUNGYUT TRISURAT NARIS BHUMPAKPHAN
author_facet	KUSUMA MENKHAM RONGLARP SUKMASUANG MANANYA PLA-ARD KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET TARAPONE PANGANTA YUNGYUT TRISURAT NARIS BHUMPAKPHAN
author_sort	KUSUMA MENKHAM
title	Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
title_short	Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
title_full	Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
title_fullStr	Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
title_full_unstemmed	Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
title_sort	population and habitat use of asian elephants (elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in khao ang rue nai wildlife sanctuary, chachoengsao province, thailand
publisher	MBI & UNS Solo
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/46db27cc401a40d9bf6b7b5092ba2597
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Population and habitat use of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and five ungulate species in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand

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