Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

Abstract The loss of biodiversity is increasingly well understood on land, but trajectories of extinction risk remain largely unknown in the ocean. We present regional Red List Indices (RLIs) to track the extinction risk of 119 Northeast Atlantic and 72 Mediterranean shark and ray species primarily...

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Autores principales:	Rachel H. L. Walls, Nicholas K. Dulvy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/470fe61a387f40e5919cd511b7969a05
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:470fe61a387f40e5919cd511b7969a052021-12-02T18:46:57ZTracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea10.1038/s41598-021-94632-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/470fe61a387f40e5919cd511b7969a052021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94632-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The loss of biodiversity is increasingly well understood on land, but trajectories of extinction risk remain largely unknown in the ocean. We present regional Red List Indices (RLIs) to track the extinction risk of 119 Northeast Atlantic and 72 Mediterranean shark and ray species primarily threatened by overfishing. We combine two IUCN workshop assessments from 2003/2005 and 2015 with a retrospective backcast assessment for 1980. We incorporate predicted categorisations for Data Deficient species from our previously published research. The percentage of threatened species rose from 1980 to 2015 from 29 to 41% (Northeast Atlantic) and 47 to 65% (Mediterranean Sea). There are as many threatened sharks and rays in Europe as there are threatened birds, but the threat level is nearly six times greater by percentage (41%, n = 56 of 136 vs. 7%, n = 56 of 792). The Northeast Atlantic RLI declined by 8% from 1980 to 2015, while the higher-risk Mediterranean RLI declined by 13%. Larger-bodied, shallow-distributed, slow-growing species and those with range boundaries within the region are more likely to have worsening status in the Northeast Atlantic. Conversely, long-established, severe threat levels obscure any potential relationships between species’ traits and the likelihood of worsening IUCN status in the Mediterranean Sea. These regional RLIs provide the first widespread evidence for increasing trends in regional shark and ray extinction risk and underscore that effective fisheries management is necessary to recover the ecosystem function of these predators.Rachel H. L. WallsNicholas K. DulvyNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rachel H. L. Walls Nicholas K. Dulvy Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
description	Abstract The loss of biodiversity is increasingly well understood on land, but trajectories of extinction risk remain largely unknown in the ocean. We present regional Red List Indices (RLIs) to track the extinction risk of 119 Northeast Atlantic and 72 Mediterranean shark and ray species primarily threatened by overfishing. We combine two IUCN workshop assessments from 2003/2005 and 2015 with a retrospective backcast assessment for 1980. We incorporate predicted categorisations for Data Deficient species from our previously published research. The percentage of threatened species rose from 1980 to 2015 from 29 to 41% (Northeast Atlantic) and 47 to 65% (Mediterranean Sea). There are as many threatened sharks and rays in Europe as there are threatened birds, but the threat level is nearly six times greater by percentage (41%, n = 56 of 136 vs. 7%, n = 56 of 792). The Northeast Atlantic RLI declined by 8% from 1980 to 2015, while the higher-risk Mediterranean RLI declined by 13%. Larger-bodied, shallow-distributed, slow-growing species and those with range boundaries within the region are more likely to have worsening status in the Northeast Atlantic. Conversely, long-established, severe threat levels obscure any potential relationships between species’ traits and the likelihood of worsening IUCN status in the Mediterranean Sea. These regional RLIs provide the first widespread evidence for increasing trends in regional shark and ray extinction risk and underscore that effective fisheries management is necessary to recover the ecosystem function of these predators.
format	article
author	Rachel H. L. Walls Nicholas K. Dulvy
author_facet	Rachel H. L. Walls Nicholas K. Dulvy
author_sort	Rachel H. L. Walls
title	Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
title_short	Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
title_full	Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
title_fullStr	Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
title_full_unstemmed	Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
title_sort	tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the northeast atlantic ocean and mediterranean sea
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/470fe61a387f40e5919cd511b7969a05
work_keys_str_mv	AT rachelhlwalls trackingtherisingextinctionriskofsharksandraysinthenortheastatlanticoceanandmediterraneansea AT nicholaskdulvy trackingtherisingextinctionriskofsharksandraysinthenortheastatlanticoceanandmediterraneansea
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Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

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