Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies

Abstract After being stagnant for decades, there has finally been a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer with the emergence and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The most extensively utilized ICIs are targeting the pathways involving programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-l...

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Autores principales:	Wenwen Yang, Caining Lei, Shaoming Song, Wutang Jing, Chuanwei Jin, Shiyi Gong, Hongwei Tian, Tiankang Guo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Immunotherapy Programmed cell death protein 1 Programmed cell death ligand-1 Immune checkpoint inhibitors Biomarkers Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Cytology QH573-671
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4737bbfa432544ec8485c334fc35df4d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4737bbfa432544ec8485c334fc35df4d2021-11-08T11:13:42ZImmune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies10.1186/s12935-021-02299-81475-2867https://doaj.org/article/4737bbfa432544ec8485c334fc35df4d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-021-02299-8https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2867Abstract After being stagnant for decades, there has finally been a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer with the emergence and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The most extensively utilized ICIs are targeting the pathways involving programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). PD-1, as an crucial immune inhibitory molecule, by and large reasons the immune checkpoint response of T cells, making tumor cells get away from immune surveillance. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is exceptionally expressed in most cancers cells and approves non-stop activation of the PD-1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can block the combination of PD-1 and PD-L1, inhibit hostile to regulatory signals, and restore the activity of T cells, thereby bettering immune response. The current researchers assume that the efficacy of these drugs is related to PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and other emerging biomarkers. Although malignant tumors can benefit from the immunotherapy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, formulating a customized medication model and discovering biomarkers that can predict efficacy are the new trend in the new era of malignant tumor immunotherapy. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, their clinical outcomes on various malignant tumors, their efficacy biomarkers, as well as predictive markers of irAEs.Wenwen YangCaining LeiShaoming SongWutang JingChuanwei JinShiyi GongHongwei TianTiankang GuoBMCarticleImmunotherapyProgrammed cell death protein 1Programmed cell death ligand-1Immune checkpoint inhibitorsBiomarkersNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282CytologyQH573-671ENCancer Cell International, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunotherapy Programmed cell death protein 1 Programmed cell death ligand-1 Immune checkpoint inhibitors Biomarkers Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Cytology QH573-671
spellingShingle	Immunotherapy Programmed cell death protein 1 Programmed cell death ligand-1 Immune checkpoint inhibitors Biomarkers Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Cytology QH573-671 Wenwen Yang Caining Lei Shaoming Song Wutang Jing Chuanwei Jin Shiyi Gong Hongwei Tian Tiankang Guo Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies
description	Abstract After being stagnant for decades, there has finally been a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer with the emergence and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The most extensively utilized ICIs are targeting the pathways involving programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). PD-1, as an crucial immune inhibitory molecule, by and large reasons the immune checkpoint response of T cells, making tumor cells get away from immune surveillance. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is exceptionally expressed in most cancers cells and approves non-stop activation of the PD-1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can block the combination of PD-1 and PD-L1, inhibit hostile to regulatory signals, and restore the activity of T cells, thereby bettering immune response. The current researchers assume that the efficacy of these drugs is related to PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and other emerging biomarkers. Although malignant tumors can benefit from the immunotherapy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, formulating a customized medication model and discovering biomarkers that can predict efficacy are the new trend in the new era of malignant tumor immunotherapy. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, their clinical outcomes on various malignant tumors, their efficacy biomarkers, as well as predictive markers of irAEs.
format	article
author	Wenwen Yang Caining Lei Shaoming Song Wutang Jing Chuanwei Jin Shiyi Gong Hongwei Tian Tiankang Guo
author_facet	Wenwen Yang Caining Lei Shaoming Song Wutang Jing Chuanwei Jin Shiyi Gong Hongwei Tian Tiankang Guo
author_sort	Wenwen Yang
title	Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies
title_short	Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies
title_full	Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies
title_fullStr	Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies
title_full_unstemmed	Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies
title_sort	immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4737bbfa432544ec8485c334fc35df4d
work_keys_str_mv	AT wenwenyang immunecheckpointblockadeinthetreatmentofmalignanttumorcurrentstatueandfuturestrategies AT caininglei immunecheckpointblockadeinthetreatmentofmalignanttumorcurrentstatueandfuturestrategies AT shaomingsong immunecheckpointblockadeinthetreatmentofmalignanttumorcurrentstatueandfuturestrategies AT wutangjing immunecheckpointblockadeinthetreatmentofmalignanttumorcurrentstatueandfuturestrategies AT chuanweijin immunecheckpointblockadeinthetreatmentofmalignanttumorcurrentstatueandfuturestrategies AT shiyigong immunecheckpointblockadeinthetreatmentofmalignanttumorcurrentstatueandfuturestrategies AT hongweitian immunecheckpointblockadeinthetreatmentofmalignanttumorcurrentstatueandfuturestrategies AT tiankangguo immunecheckpointblockadeinthetreatmentofmalignanttumorcurrentstatueandfuturestrategies
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Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies

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