Sacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography

Abstract Liquid metals have attracted attention as functional components for moldable electronics, such as soft flexible connectors, wires or conductive ink. The relatively high surface tension (> 400 mN m−1) and the fact that liquid metals do not readily wet ceramic or oxide surfaces have led to...

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Autores principales:	Gideon I. Livshits, Jiannan Bao, Leo Sakamoto, Tomoki Misaka, Yuki Usami, Yoichi Otsuka, Takuya Matsumoto
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/473ac4768b3d4b4da017a742de091294
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:473ac4768b3d4b4da017a742de0912942021-12-02T15:54:14ZSacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography10.1038/s41598-021-84065-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/473ac4768b3d4b4da017a742de0912942021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84065-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Liquid metals have attracted attention as functional components for moldable electronics, such as soft flexible connectors, wires or conductive ink. The relatively high surface tension (> 400 mN m−1) and the fact that liquid metals do not readily wet ceramic or oxide surfaces have led to devising unique techniques to spread the liquid and mold its shape. These techniques include surface modification, electrowetting and vacuum filling of channels. This work presents an injection technique based on pressurized fountain pen lithography with glass nanopipettes developed to directly pattern liquid metal on flat hard substrates. The liquid metals were eutectic alloys of Gallium, including Gallium-Indium (EGaIn), Gallium-Indium-Zinc and Gallium-Indium-Tin. The nanopipettes were coated internally with gold, acting as a sacrificial layer and facilitating the wetting of the pipette down to its pore, with an inner diameter of ~ 100–300 nm. By applying hydrodynamic pressure to the connected end of the pipette, the metal was extruded through the pore, forming long continuous (> 3 mm) and narrow (~ 1–15 µm) metal lines on silicon oxide and gold surfaces at room temperature and ambient conditions. With this robust platform, it is possible to pattern liquid metals on a variety of substrates and geometries down to the micron range.Gideon I. LivshitsJiannan BaoLeo SakamotoTomoki MisakaYuki UsamiYoichi OtsukaTakuya MatsumotoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gideon I. Livshits Jiannan Bao Leo Sakamoto Tomoki Misaka Yuki Usami Yoichi Otsuka Takuya Matsumoto Sacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography
description	Abstract Liquid metals have attracted attention as functional components for moldable electronics, such as soft flexible connectors, wires or conductive ink. The relatively high surface tension (> 400 mN m−1) and the fact that liquid metals do not readily wet ceramic or oxide surfaces have led to devising unique techniques to spread the liquid and mold its shape. These techniques include surface modification, electrowetting and vacuum filling of channels. This work presents an injection technique based on pressurized fountain pen lithography with glass nanopipettes developed to directly pattern liquid metal on flat hard substrates. The liquid metals were eutectic alloys of Gallium, including Gallium-Indium (EGaIn), Gallium-Indium-Zinc and Gallium-Indium-Tin. The nanopipettes were coated internally with gold, acting as a sacrificial layer and facilitating the wetting of the pipette down to its pore, with an inner diameter of ~ 100–300 nm. By applying hydrodynamic pressure to the connected end of the pipette, the metal was extruded through the pore, forming long continuous (> 3 mm) and narrow (~ 1–15 µm) metal lines on silicon oxide and gold surfaces at room temperature and ambient conditions. With this robust platform, it is possible to pattern liquid metals on a variety of substrates and geometries down to the micron range.
format	article
author	Gideon I. Livshits Jiannan Bao Leo Sakamoto Tomoki Misaka Yuki Usami Yoichi Otsuka Takuya Matsumoto
author_facet	Gideon I. Livshits Jiannan Bao Leo Sakamoto Tomoki Misaka Yuki Usami Yoichi Otsuka Takuya Matsumoto
author_sort	Gideon I. Livshits
title	Sacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography
title_short	Sacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography
title_full	Sacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography
title_fullStr	Sacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography
title_full_unstemmed	Sacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography
title_sort	sacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/473ac4768b3d4b4da017a742de091294
work_keys_str_mv	AT gideonilivshits sacrificialgoldcoatingenhancestransportofliquidmetalinpressurizedfountainpenlithography AT jiannanbao sacrificialgoldcoatingenhancestransportofliquidmetalinpressurizedfountainpenlithography AT leosakamoto sacrificialgoldcoatingenhancestransportofliquidmetalinpressurizedfountainpenlithography AT tomokimisaka sacrificialgoldcoatingenhancestransportofliquidmetalinpressurizedfountainpenlithography AT yukiusami sacrificialgoldcoatingenhancestransportofliquidmetalinpressurizedfountainpenlithography AT yoichiotsuka sacrificialgoldcoatingenhancestransportofliquidmetalinpressurizedfountainpenlithography AT takuyamatsumoto sacrificialgoldcoatingenhancestransportofliquidmetalinpressurizedfountainpenlithography
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Sacrificial gold coating enhances transport of liquid metal in pressurized fountain pen lithography

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