In Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water

This investigation reports the in situ growth of silver nanoparticles onto covalently bonded graphene oxide-chitosan, which serve as supported nanocatalysts for the NaBH<sub>4</sub> reduction of 2,4-dinitrophenol in aqueous systems. Fumaryl chloride reacted with chitosan in an acidic env...

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Autores principales:	Rebaone Makaudi, Hugues Kamdem Paumo, Boniface Kamdem Pone, Lebogang Katata-Seru
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	2,4-dinitrophenol supported Ag nanoparticles graphene oxide chitosan catalytic transformation Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/474440467b2c4e67961aa175aef100a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:474440467b2c4e67961aa175aef100a12021-11-11T18:47:41ZIn Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water10.3390/polym132138002073-4360https://doaj.org/article/474440467b2c4e67961aa175aef100a12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3800https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360This investigation reports the in situ growth of silver nanoparticles onto covalently bonded graphene oxide-chitosan, which serve as supported nanocatalysts for the NaBH<sub>4</sub> reduction of 2,4-dinitrophenol in aqueous systems. Fumaryl chloride reacted with chitosan in an acidic environment to yield a tailored polymeric material. The latter was, in turn, treated with the pre-synthesised graphene oxide sheets under acidic conditions to generate the GO-functionalised membrane (GO-FL-CS). The adsorption of Ag<sup>+</sup> from aqueous media by GO-FL-CS yielded a set of membranes that were decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs@GO-FL-CS) without any reducing agent. Various analytical tools were used to characterise these composites, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The silver-loaded materials were further used for the remediation of 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions under batch operation. The BET analysis revealed that the functionalisation of GO with chitosan and Ag NPs (average size 20–60 nm) resulted in a three-fold increased surface area. The optimised catalyst (Ag mass loading 16.95%) displayed remarkable activity with an apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant of 13.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>. The cyclic voltammetry experiment was conducted to determine the nitro-conversion pathway. The reusability/stability test showed no significant reduction efficiency of this metal-laden composite over six cycles. Findings from the study revealed that Ag NPs@GO-FL-CS could be employed as a low-cost and recyclable catalyst to convert toxic nitroaromatics in wastewater.Rebaone MakaudiHugues Kamdem PaumoBoniface Kamdem PoneLebogang Katata-SeruMDPI AGarticle2,4-dinitrophenolsupported Ag nanoparticlesgraphene oxidechitosancatalytic transformationOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3800, p 3800 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	2,4-dinitrophenol supported Ag nanoparticles graphene oxide chitosan catalytic transformation Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	2,4-dinitrophenol supported Ag nanoparticles graphene oxide chitosan catalytic transformation Organic chemistry QD241-441 Rebaone Makaudi Hugues Kamdem Paumo Boniface Kamdem Pone Lebogang Katata-Seru In Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water
description	This investigation reports the in situ growth of silver nanoparticles onto covalently bonded graphene oxide-chitosan, which serve as supported nanocatalysts for the NaBH<sub>4</sub> reduction of 2,4-dinitrophenol in aqueous systems. Fumaryl chloride reacted with chitosan in an acidic environment to yield a tailored polymeric material. The latter was, in turn, treated with the pre-synthesised graphene oxide sheets under acidic conditions to generate the GO-functionalised membrane (GO-FL-CS). The adsorption of Ag<sup>+</sup> from aqueous media by GO-FL-CS yielded a set of membranes that were decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs@GO-FL-CS) without any reducing agent. Various analytical tools were used to characterise these composites, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The silver-loaded materials were further used for the remediation of 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions under batch operation. The BET analysis revealed that the functionalisation of GO with chitosan and Ag NPs (average size 20–60 nm) resulted in a three-fold increased surface area. The optimised catalyst (Ag mass loading 16.95%) displayed remarkable activity with an apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant of 13.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>. The cyclic voltammetry experiment was conducted to determine the nitro-conversion pathway. The reusability/stability test showed no significant reduction efficiency of this metal-laden composite over six cycles. Findings from the study revealed that Ag NPs@GO-FL-CS could be employed as a low-cost and recyclable catalyst to convert toxic nitroaromatics in wastewater.
format	article
author	Rebaone Makaudi Hugues Kamdem Paumo Boniface Kamdem Pone Lebogang Katata-Seru
author_facet	Rebaone Makaudi Hugues Kamdem Paumo Boniface Kamdem Pone Lebogang Katata-Seru
author_sort	Rebaone Makaudi
title	In Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water
title_short	In Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water
title_full	In Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water
title_fullStr	In Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water
title_full_unstemmed	In Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water
title_sort	in situ stabilisation of silver nanoparticles at chitosan-functionalised graphene oxide for reduction of 2,4-dinitrophenol in water
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/474440467b2c4e67961aa175aef100a1
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In Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water

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