Toxinology of Marine Venomous Snails

A surprisingly large number of sea snail species are venomous. Cone snail venoms are produced in a lengthy tubular duct from a complex venom gland and form a cocktail of many toxins, particularly conotoxins which have high potency and specificity for their target specific receptors. They inhibit var...

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Autores principales:	Gholam Hossein Mohebbi, Iraj Nabipour
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN FA
Publicado:	Bushehr University of Medical Sciences 2021
Materias:	sea snails venom toxin mode of action Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/476ef492e7824f1ea16c8f9a848785df
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:476ef492e7824f1ea16c8f9a848785df2021-12-04T05:40:40ZToxinology of Marine Venomous Snails1735-43741735-6954https://doaj.org/article/476ef492e7824f1ea16c8f9a848785df2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-1519-en.htmlhttps://doaj.org/toc/1735-4374https://doaj.org/toc/1735-6954A surprisingly large number of sea snail species are venomous. Cone snail venoms are produced in a lengthy tubular duct from a complex venom gland and form a cocktail of many toxins, particularly conotoxins which have high potency and specificity for their target specific receptors. They inhibit various channels, neuromuscular receptors or hormones of the victim, and interfere in the transmitted signals of the prey, or dissuade predators. Cone snails have an amazing ability to quickly convert between two different types of defense-evoked and predation-evoked venoms in response to defensive or predatory stimuli. Various conotoxins and conopeptides such as α-conotoxins, σ-conotoxins, ω-conotoxins, μ-conotoxins, ψ-conotoxins, τ-conotoxins, δ-conotoxins, κ-conotoxins and conkunitzins, conantokins, contryphans, Ac1 conotoxins, conoinsulins, granulin-like conotoxins from conoides; augerpeptides derived from the venom peptide family Terebridae; turripeptides from the venom peptide family Turridae; crassipeptides venom peptides from Crassispirids; clathurellipeptides from venomous micro-conoides Clathurellidae, and other toxins such as RFamide peptides and endogenous neuropeptide-like peptides such as conopressins, as well as contulakins have been found in cone snail venoms, which have demonstrated remarkable biological and pharmacological functions. Given the approval of some conotoxins, such as the analgesic medication ziconitide (Prialt®) in clinical trials as well as their biomedical potential, current research has focused on these toxins. The use of integrated venomics approaches has dramatically accelerated the detection of conotoxin sequences. It is anticipated that a better understanding and identification of conotoxins and other toxins derived from other sea snails will lead to their use for the treatment of diseases to which humans have succumbed.Gholam Hossein MohebbiIraj NabipourBushehr University of Medical Sciencesarticlesea snailsvenomtoxinmode of actionMedicine (General)R5-920ENFAIranian South Medical Journal , Vol 24, Iss 5, Pp 505-581 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN FA
topic	sea snails venom toxin mode of action Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	sea snails venom toxin mode of action Medicine (General) R5-920 Gholam Hossein Mohebbi Iraj Nabipour Toxinology of Marine Venomous Snails
description	A surprisingly large number of sea snail species are venomous. Cone snail venoms are produced in a lengthy tubular duct from a complex venom gland and form a cocktail of many toxins, particularly conotoxins which have high potency and specificity for their target specific receptors. They inhibit various channels, neuromuscular receptors or hormones of the victim, and interfere in the transmitted signals of the prey, or dissuade predators. Cone snails have an amazing ability to quickly convert between two different types of defense-evoked and predation-evoked venoms in response to defensive or predatory stimuli. Various conotoxins and conopeptides such as α-conotoxins, σ-conotoxins, ω-conotoxins, μ-conotoxins, ψ-conotoxins, τ-conotoxins, δ-conotoxins, κ-conotoxins and conkunitzins, conantokins, contryphans, Ac1 conotoxins, conoinsulins, granulin-like conotoxins from conoides; augerpeptides derived from the venom peptide family Terebridae; turripeptides from the venom peptide family Turridae; crassipeptides venom peptides from Crassispirids; clathurellipeptides from venomous micro-conoides Clathurellidae, and other toxins such as RFamide peptides and endogenous neuropeptide-like peptides such as conopressins, as well as contulakins have been found in cone snail venoms, which have demonstrated remarkable biological and pharmacological functions. Given the approval of some conotoxins, such as the analgesic medication ziconitide (Prialt®) in clinical trials as well as their biomedical potential, current research has focused on these toxins. The use of integrated venomics approaches has dramatically accelerated the detection of conotoxin sequences. It is anticipated that a better understanding and identification of conotoxins and other toxins derived from other sea snails will lead to their use for the treatment of diseases to which humans have succumbed.
format	article
author	Gholam Hossein Mohebbi Iraj Nabipour
author_facet	Gholam Hossein Mohebbi Iraj Nabipour
author_sort	Gholam Hossein Mohebbi
title	Toxinology of Marine Venomous Snails
title_short	Toxinology of Marine Venomous Snails
title_full	Toxinology of Marine Venomous Snails
title_fullStr	Toxinology of Marine Venomous Snails
title_full_unstemmed	Toxinology of Marine Venomous Snails
title_sort	toxinology of marine venomous snails
publisher	Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/476ef492e7824f1ea16c8f9a848785df
work_keys_str_mv	AT gholamhosseinmohebbi toxinologyofmarinevenomoussnails AT irajnabipour toxinologyofmarinevenomoussnails
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Toxinology of Marine Venomous Snails

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