An altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health

Abstract Generalist species able to exploit anthropogenic food sources are becoming increasingly common in urban environments. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are one such urban generalist that now resides in cities across North America, where diseased or unhealthy coyotes are frequently reported in cases o...

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Autores principales:	Scott Sugden, Dana Sanderson, Kyra Ford, Lisa Y. Stein, Colleen Cassady St. Clair
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/477cd03e426442d7bd438e9dbd7e483c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:477cd03e426442d7bd438e9dbd7e483c2021-12-02T11:57:58ZAn altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health10.1038/s41598-020-78891-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/477cd03e426442d7bd438e9dbd7e483c2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78891-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Generalist species able to exploit anthropogenic food sources are becoming increasingly common in urban environments. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are one such urban generalist that now resides in cities across North America, where diseased or unhealthy coyotes are frequently reported in cases of human-wildlife conflict. Coyote health and fitness may be related to habitat use and diet via the gut microbiome, which has far-reaching effects on animal nutrition and physiology. In this study, we used stomach contents, stable isotope analysis, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and measures of body condition to identify relationships among habitat use, diet, fecal microbiome composition, and health in urban and rural coyotes. Three distinct relationships emerged: (1) Urban coyotes consumed more anthropogenic food, which was associated with increased microbiome diversity, higher abundances of Streptococcus and Enterococcus, and poorer average body condition. (2) Conversely, rural coyotes harbored microbiomes rich in Fusobacteria, Sutterella, and Anaerobiospirillum, which were associated with protein-rich diets and improved body condition. (3) Diets rich in anthropogenic food were associated with increased abundances of Erysipelotrichiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae, which correlated with larger spleens in urban coyotes. Urban coyotes also had an increased prevalence of the zoonotic parasite Echinococcus multilocularis, but there were no detectable connections between parasite infection and microbiome composition. Our results demonstrate how the consumption of carbohydrate-rich anthropogenic food by urban coyotes alters the microbiome to negatively affect body condition, with potential relationships to parasite susceptibility and conflict-prone behavior.Scott SugdenDana SandersonKyra FordLisa Y. SteinColleen Cassady St. ClairNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Scott Sugden Dana Sanderson Kyra Ford Lisa Y. Stein Colleen Cassady St. Clair An altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health
description	Abstract Generalist species able to exploit anthropogenic food sources are becoming increasingly common in urban environments. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are one such urban generalist that now resides in cities across North America, where diseased or unhealthy coyotes are frequently reported in cases of human-wildlife conflict. Coyote health and fitness may be related to habitat use and diet via the gut microbiome, which has far-reaching effects on animal nutrition and physiology. In this study, we used stomach contents, stable isotope analysis, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and measures of body condition to identify relationships among habitat use, diet, fecal microbiome composition, and health in urban and rural coyotes. Three distinct relationships emerged: (1) Urban coyotes consumed more anthropogenic food, which was associated with increased microbiome diversity, higher abundances of Streptococcus and Enterococcus, and poorer average body condition. (2) Conversely, rural coyotes harbored microbiomes rich in Fusobacteria, Sutterella, and Anaerobiospirillum, which were associated with protein-rich diets and improved body condition. (3) Diets rich in anthropogenic food were associated with increased abundances of Erysipelotrichiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae, which correlated with larger spleens in urban coyotes. Urban coyotes also had an increased prevalence of the zoonotic parasite Echinococcus multilocularis, but there were no detectable connections between parasite infection and microbiome composition. Our results demonstrate how the consumption of carbohydrate-rich anthropogenic food by urban coyotes alters the microbiome to negatively affect body condition, with potential relationships to parasite susceptibility and conflict-prone behavior.
format	article
author	Scott Sugden Dana Sanderson Kyra Ford Lisa Y. Stein Colleen Cassady St. Clair
author_facet	Scott Sugden Dana Sanderson Kyra Ford Lisa Y. Stein Colleen Cassady St. Clair
author_sort	Scott Sugden
title	An altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health
title_short	An altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health
title_full	An altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health
title_fullStr	An altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health
title_full_unstemmed	An altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health
title_sort	altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/477cd03e426442d7bd438e9dbd7e483c
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An altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health

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