Neuromodulation and Individuality
Within populations, individuals show a variety of behavioral preferences, even in the absence of genetic or environmental variability. Neuromodulators affect these idiosyncratic preferences in a wide range of systems, however, the mechanism(s) by which they do so is unclear. I review the evidence su...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:477d9dea5dee44e7aa374e698d56da3d2021-11-30T17:01:54ZNeuromodulation and Individuality1662-515310.3389/fnbeh.2021.777873https://doaj.org/article/477d9dea5dee44e7aa374e698d56da3d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.777873/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153Within populations, individuals show a variety of behavioral preferences, even in the absence of genetic or environmental variability. Neuromodulators affect these idiosyncratic preferences in a wide range of systems, however, the mechanism(s) by which they do so is unclear. I review the evidence supporting three broad mechanisms by which neuromodulators might affect variability in idiosyncratic behavioral preference: by being a source of variability directly upstream of behavior, by affecting the behavioral output of a circuit in a way that masks or accentuates underlying variability in that circuit, and by driving plasticity in circuits leading to either homeostatic convergence toward a given behavior or divergence from a developmental setpoint. I find evidence for each of these mechanisms and propose future directions to further understand the complex interplay between individual variability and neuromodulators.Ryan T. MaloneyFrontiers Media S.A.articleindividualityneuromodulationanimal personalityvariabilitybet-hedgingrobustnessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
| topic |
individuality neuromodulation animal personality variability bet-hedging robustness Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 |
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individuality neuromodulation animal personality variability bet-hedging robustness Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Ryan T. Maloney Neuromodulation and Individuality |
| description |
Within populations, individuals show a variety of behavioral preferences, even in the absence of genetic or environmental variability. Neuromodulators affect these idiosyncratic preferences in a wide range of systems, however, the mechanism(s) by which they do so is unclear. I review the evidence supporting three broad mechanisms by which neuromodulators might affect variability in idiosyncratic behavioral preference: by being a source of variability directly upstream of behavior, by affecting the behavioral output of a circuit in a way that masks or accentuates underlying variability in that circuit, and by driving plasticity in circuits leading to either homeostatic convergence toward a given behavior or divergence from a developmental setpoint. I find evidence for each of these mechanisms and propose future directions to further understand the complex interplay between individual variability and neuromodulators. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Ryan T. Maloney |
| author_facet |
Ryan T. Maloney |
| author_sort |
Ryan T. Maloney |
| title |
Neuromodulation and Individuality |
| title_short |
Neuromodulation and Individuality |
| title_full |
Neuromodulation and Individuality |
| title_fullStr |
Neuromodulation and Individuality |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Neuromodulation and Individuality |
| title_sort |
neuromodulation and individuality |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/477d9dea5dee44e7aa374e698d56da3d |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT ryantmaloney neuromodulationandindividuality |
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