Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants

Abstract Adoption of novel host plants by herbivorous insects can require new adaptations and may entail loss of adaptation to ancestral hosts. We examined relationships between an endangered subspecies of the butterfly Euphydryas editha (Taylor’s checkerspot) and three host plant species. Two of th...

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Autores principales:	Nathan L. Haan, M. Deane Bowers, Jonathan D. Bakker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/478b804bf3634f4389515c31932ee40f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:478b804bf3634f4389515c31932ee40f2021-12-02T15:23:08ZPreference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants10.1038/s41598-020-80413-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/478b804bf3634f4389515c31932ee40f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80413-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Adoption of novel host plants by herbivorous insects can require new adaptations and may entail loss of adaptation to ancestral hosts. We examined relationships between an endangered subspecies of the butterfly Euphydryas editha (Taylor’s checkerspot) and three host plant species. Two of the hosts (Castilleja hispida, Castilleja levisecta) were used ancestrally while the other, Plantago lanceolata, is exotic and was adopted more recently. We measured oviposition preference, neonate preference, larval growth, and secondary chemical uptake on all three hosts. Adult females readily laid eggs on all hosts but favored Plantago and tended to avoid C. levisecta. Oviposition preference changed over time. Neonates had no preference among host species, but consistently chose bracts over leaves within both Castilleja species. Larvae developed successfully on all species and grew to similar size on all of them unless they ate only Castilleja leaves (rather than bracts) which limited their growth. Diet strongly influenced secondary chemical uptake by larvae. Larvae that ate Plantago or C. hispida leaves contained the highest concentrations of iridoid glycosides, and iridoid glycoside composition varied with host species and tissue type. Despite having largely switched to a novel exotic host and generally performing better on it, this population has retained breadth in preference and ability to use other hosts.Nathan L. HaanM. Deane BowersJonathan D. BakkerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nathan L. Haan M. Deane Bowers Jonathan D. Bakker Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
description	Abstract Adoption of novel host plants by herbivorous insects can require new adaptations and may entail loss of adaptation to ancestral hosts. We examined relationships between an endangered subspecies of the butterfly Euphydryas editha (Taylor’s checkerspot) and three host plant species. Two of the hosts (Castilleja hispida, Castilleja levisecta) were used ancestrally while the other, Plantago lanceolata, is exotic and was adopted more recently. We measured oviposition preference, neonate preference, larval growth, and secondary chemical uptake on all three hosts. Adult females readily laid eggs on all hosts but favored Plantago and tended to avoid C. levisecta. Oviposition preference changed over time. Neonates had no preference among host species, but consistently chose bracts over leaves within both Castilleja species. Larvae developed successfully on all species and grew to similar size on all of them unless they ate only Castilleja leaves (rather than bracts) which limited their growth. Diet strongly influenced secondary chemical uptake by larvae. Larvae that ate Plantago or C. hispida leaves contained the highest concentrations of iridoid glycosides, and iridoid glycoside composition varied with host species and tissue type. Despite having largely switched to a novel exotic host and generally performing better on it, this population has retained breadth in preference and ability to use other hosts.
format	article
author	Nathan L. Haan M. Deane Bowers Jonathan D. Bakker
author_facet	Nathan L. Haan M. Deane Bowers Jonathan D. Bakker
author_sort	Nathan L. Haan
title	Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
title_short	Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
title_full	Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
title_fullStr	Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
title_full_unstemmed	Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
title_sort	preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/478b804bf3634f4389515c31932ee40f
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Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants

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