Olfactory Characterization and Training in Older Adults: Protocol Study

The aim of this article is to present the research protocol for a prospective cohort study that will assess the olfactory function and the effect of an intervention based on olfactory training in healthy very old adults (≥75 years old). A convenience sample of 180 older people (50% female) will be r...

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Autores principales:	Fabíola Zambom-Ferraresi, Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi, Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen, Mercedes Lachén-Montes, Paz Cartas-Cejudo, Juan José Lasarte, Noelia Casares, Secundino Fernández, Bernardo Abel Cedeño-Veloz, Enrique Maraví-Aznar, Maria Itziar Uzcanga-Lacabe, Arkaitz Galbete, Enrique Santamaría, Nicolás Martínez-Velilla
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	smell sense olfactory dysfunction immune fitness odor training geriatric neurodegenerative disease Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/47bc288459bc4762bfe6d651735d778c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:47bc288459bc4762bfe6d651735d778c2021-11-16T16:37:48ZOlfactory Characterization and Training in Older Adults: Protocol Study1663-436510.3389/fnagi.2021.757081https://doaj.org/article/47bc288459bc4762bfe6d651735d778c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.757081/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-4365The aim of this article is to present the research protocol for a prospective cohort study that will assess the olfactory function and the effect of an intervention based on olfactory training in healthy very old adults (≥75 years old). A convenience sample of 180 older people (50% female) will be recruited in three different environments: hospitalized control group (CH) with stable acute illness (n = 60); ambulatory control group (CA) of community-based living (n = 60); and an experimental odor training group (EOT) from nursing homes (n = 60). The odor training (OT) intervention will last 12 weeks. All the volunteers will be assessed at baseline; CA and EOT groups will also be assessed after 12 weeks. The primary end point will be change in olfactory capacity from baseline to 12 weeks period of intervention or control. The intervention effects will be assessed with the overall score achieved in Sniffin Sticks Test (SST) – Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification (TDI) extended version. Secondary end points will be changes in cognitive tasks, quality of life, mood, immune status, and functional capacity. All these measurements will be complemented with an immune fitness characterization and a deep proteome profiling of the olfactory epithelium (OE) cultured ex vivo. The current study will provide additional evidence to support the implementation of olfactory precision medicine and the development of immunomodulatory nasal therapies based on non-invasive procedures. The proposed intervention will also intend to increase the knowledge about the olfactory function in very elderly people, improve function and quality of life, and promote the recovery of the health.Fabíola Zambom-FerraresiFabricio Zambom-FerraresiJoaquín Fernández-IrigoyenMercedes Lachén-MontesPaz Cartas-CejudoJuan José LasarteNoelia CasaresSecundino FernándezBernardo Abel Cedeño-VelozEnrique Maraví-AznarMaria Itziar Uzcanga-LacabeArkaitz GalbeteEnrique SantamaríaNicolás Martínez-VelillaNicolás Martínez-VelillaFrontiers Media S.A.articlesmell senseolfactory dysfunctionimmune fitnessodor traininggeriatricneurodegenerative diseaseNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Vol 13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	smell sense olfactory dysfunction immune fitness odor training geriatric neurodegenerative disease Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	smell sense olfactory dysfunction immune fitness odor training geriatric neurodegenerative disease Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Fabíola Zambom-Ferraresi Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen Mercedes Lachén-Montes Paz Cartas-Cejudo Juan José Lasarte Noelia Casares Secundino Fernández Bernardo Abel Cedeño-Veloz Enrique Maraví-Aznar Maria Itziar Uzcanga-Lacabe Arkaitz Galbete Enrique Santamaría Nicolás Martínez-Velilla Nicolás Martínez-Velilla Olfactory Characterization and Training in Older Adults: Protocol Study
description	The aim of this article is to present the research protocol for a prospective cohort study that will assess the olfactory function and the effect of an intervention based on olfactory training in healthy very old adults (≥75 years old). A convenience sample of 180 older people (50% female) will be recruited in three different environments: hospitalized control group (CH) with stable acute illness (n = 60); ambulatory control group (CA) of community-based living (n = 60); and an experimental odor training group (EOT) from nursing homes (n = 60). The odor training (OT) intervention will last 12 weeks. All the volunteers will be assessed at baseline; CA and EOT groups will also be assessed after 12 weeks. The primary end point will be change in olfactory capacity from baseline to 12 weeks period of intervention or control. The intervention effects will be assessed with the overall score achieved in Sniffin Sticks Test (SST) – Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification (TDI) extended version. Secondary end points will be changes in cognitive tasks, quality of life, mood, immune status, and functional capacity. All these measurements will be complemented with an immune fitness characterization and a deep proteome profiling of the olfactory epithelium (OE) cultured ex vivo. The current study will provide additional evidence to support the implementation of olfactory precision medicine and the development of immunomodulatory nasal therapies based on non-invasive procedures. The proposed intervention will also intend to increase the knowledge about the olfactory function in very elderly people, improve function and quality of life, and promote the recovery of the health.
format	article
author	Fabíola Zambom-Ferraresi Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen Mercedes Lachén-Montes Paz Cartas-Cejudo Juan José Lasarte Noelia Casares Secundino Fernández Bernardo Abel Cedeño-Veloz Enrique Maraví-Aznar Maria Itziar Uzcanga-Lacabe Arkaitz Galbete Enrique Santamaría Nicolás Martínez-Velilla Nicolás Martínez-Velilla
author_facet	Fabíola Zambom-Ferraresi Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen Mercedes Lachén-Montes Paz Cartas-Cejudo Juan José Lasarte Noelia Casares Secundino Fernández Bernardo Abel Cedeño-Veloz Enrique Maraví-Aznar Maria Itziar Uzcanga-Lacabe Arkaitz Galbete Enrique Santamaría Nicolás Martínez-Velilla Nicolás Martínez-Velilla
author_sort	Fabíola Zambom-Ferraresi
title	Olfactory Characterization and Training in Older Adults: Protocol Study
title_short	Olfactory Characterization and Training in Older Adults: Protocol Study
title_full	Olfactory Characterization and Training in Older Adults: Protocol Study
title_fullStr	Olfactory Characterization and Training in Older Adults: Protocol Study
title_full_unstemmed	Olfactory Characterization and Training in Older Adults: Protocol Study
title_sort	olfactory characterization and training in older adults: protocol study
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/47bc288459bc4762bfe6d651735d778c
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Olfactory Characterization and Training in Older Adults: Protocol Study

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