Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand.

Imports of seeds for sowing are a major pathway for the introduction of contaminant seeds, and many agricultural weeds globally naturalised originally have entered through this pathway. Effective management of this pathway is a significant means of reducing future plant introductions and helps minim...

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Autores principales:	Jesse M Rubenstein, Philip E Hulme, Christopher E Buddenhagen, M Philip Rolston, John G Hampton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/47c1b6289ef74559933da41139ecf703
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:47c1b6289ef74559933da41139ecf7032021-12-02T20:19:31ZWeed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0256623https://doaj.org/article/47c1b6289ef74559933da41139ecf7032021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256623https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Imports of seeds for sowing are a major pathway for the introduction of contaminant seeds, and many agricultural weeds globally naturalised originally have entered through this pathway. Effective management of this pathway is a significant means of reducing future plant introductions and helps minimise agricultural losses. Using a national border inspection database, we examined the frequency, origin and identity of contaminant seeds within seed for sowing shipments entering New Zealand between 2014-2018. Our analysis looked at 41,610 seed lots across 1,420 crop seed species from over 90 countries. Overall, contamination was rare, occurring in 1.9% of all seed lots. Among the different crop types, the arable category had the lowest percentage of seed lots contaminated (0.5%) and the forage category had the highest (12.6%). Crop seeds Capsicum, Phaseolus and Solanum had the lowest contamination rates (0.0%). Forage crops Medicago (27.3%) and Trifolium (19.8%) had the highest contamination rates. Out of 191 genera recorded as contaminants, Chenopodium was the most common. Regulated quarantine weeds were the rarest contaminant type, only occurring in 0.06% of seed lots. Sorghum halepense was the most common quarantine species and was only found in vegetable seed lots. Vegetable crop seed lots accounted for approximately half of all quarantine species detections, Raphanus sativus being the most contaminated vegetable crop. Larger seed lots were significantly more contaminated and more likely to contain a quarantine species than smaller seed lots. These findings support International Seed Testing Association rules on maximum seed lot weights. Low contamination rates suggest industry practices are effective in minimising contaminant seeds. Considering New Zealand inspects every imported seed lot, utilises a working sample size 5 times larger than International Seed Testing Association rules require, trades crop seed with approximately half of the world's countries and imports thousands of crop seed species, our study provides a unique overview of contaminant seeds that move throughout the seed for sowing system.Jesse M RubensteinPhilip E HulmeChristopher E BuddenhagenM Philip RolstonJohn G HamptonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0256623 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jesse M Rubenstein Philip E Hulme Christopher E Buddenhagen M Philip Rolston John G Hampton Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand.
description	Imports of seeds for sowing are a major pathway for the introduction of contaminant seeds, and many agricultural weeds globally naturalised originally have entered through this pathway. Effective management of this pathway is a significant means of reducing future plant introductions and helps minimise agricultural losses. Using a national border inspection database, we examined the frequency, origin and identity of contaminant seeds within seed for sowing shipments entering New Zealand between 2014-2018. Our analysis looked at 41,610 seed lots across 1,420 crop seed species from over 90 countries. Overall, contamination was rare, occurring in 1.9% of all seed lots. Among the different crop types, the arable category had the lowest percentage of seed lots contaminated (0.5%) and the forage category had the highest (12.6%). Crop seeds Capsicum, Phaseolus and Solanum had the lowest contamination rates (0.0%). Forage crops Medicago (27.3%) and Trifolium (19.8%) had the highest contamination rates. Out of 191 genera recorded as contaminants, Chenopodium was the most common. Regulated quarantine weeds were the rarest contaminant type, only occurring in 0.06% of seed lots. Sorghum halepense was the most common quarantine species and was only found in vegetable seed lots. Vegetable crop seed lots accounted for approximately half of all quarantine species detections, Raphanus sativus being the most contaminated vegetable crop. Larger seed lots were significantly more contaminated and more likely to contain a quarantine species than smaller seed lots. These findings support International Seed Testing Association rules on maximum seed lot weights. Low contamination rates suggest industry practices are effective in minimising contaminant seeds. Considering New Zealand inspects every imported seed lot, utilises a working sample size 5 times larger than International Seed Testing Association rules require, trades crop seed with approximately half of the world's countries and imports thousands of crop seed species, our study provides a unique overview of contaminant seeds that move throughout the seed for sowing system.
format	article
author	Jesse M Rubenstein Philip E Hulme Christopher E Buddenhagen M Philip Rolston John G Hampton
author_facet	Jesse M Rubenstein Philip E Hulme Christopher E Buddenhagen M Philip Rolston John G Hampton
author_sort	Jesse M Rubenstein
title	Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand.
title_short	Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand.
title_full	Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand.
title_fullStr	Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand.
title_full_unstemmed	Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand.
title_sort	weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering new zealand.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/47c1b6289ef74559933da41139ecf703
work_keys_str_mv	AT jessemrubenstein weedseedcontaminationinimportedseedlotsenteringnewzealand AT philipehulme weedseedcontaminationinimportedseedlotsenteringnewzealand AT christopherebuddenhagen weedseedcontaminationinimportedseedlotsenteringnewzealand AT mphiliprolston weedseedcontaminationinimportedseedlotsenteringnewzealand AT johnghampton weedseedcontaminationinimportedseedlotsenteringnewzealand
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Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand.

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