Post-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.

Consolation, i.e., post-conflict affiliation directed from bystanders to recent victims of aggression, has recently acquired an important role in the debate about empathy in great apes. Although similar contacts have been also described for aggressors, i.e., appeasement, they have received far less...

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Autores principales:	Teresa Romero, Miguel A Castellanos, Frans B M de Waal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/47c628c58b194dfcb3a240962c4fb796
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:47c628c58b194dfcb3a240962c4fb7962021-11-18T06:49:53ZPost-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0022173https://doaj.org/article/47c628c58b194dfcb3a240962c4fb7962011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21799788/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Consolation, i.e., post-conflict affiliation directed from bystanders to recent victims of aggression, has recently acquired an important role in the debate about empathy in great apes. Although similar contacts have been also described for aggressors, i.e., appeasement, they have received far less attention and their function and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. An exceptionally large database of spontaneous conflict and post-conflict interactions in two outdoor-housed groups of chimpanzees lends support to the notion that affiliation toward aggressors reduces the latter's aggressive tendencies in that further aggression was less frequent after the occurrence of the affiliation. However, bystander affiliation toward aggressors occurred disproportionally between individuals that were socially close (i.e., affiliation partners) which suggest that it did not function to protect the actor itself against redirected aggression. Contrary to consolation behavior, it was provided most often by adult males and directed toward high ranking males, whereas females engaged less often in this behavior both as actors and recipients, suggesting that affiliation with aggressors is unlikely to be a reaction to the distress of others. We propose that bystander affiliation toward aggressors may function to strengthen bonds between valuable partners, probably as part of political strategies. Our findings also suggest that this post-conflict behavior may act as an alternative to reconciliation, i.e., post-conflict affiliation between opponents, in that it is more common when opponents fail to reconcile.Teresa RomeroMiguel A CastellanosFrans B M de WaalPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 7, p e22173 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Teresa Romero Miguel A Castellanos Frans B M de Waal Post-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.
description	Consolation, i.e., post-conflict affiliation directed from bystanders to recent victims of aggression, has recently acquired an important role in the debate about empathy in great apes. Although similar contacts have been also described for aggressors, i.e., appeasement, they have received far less attention and their function and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. An exceptionally large database of spontaneous conflict and post-conflict interactions in two outdoor-housed groups of chimpanzees lends support to the notion that affiliation toward aggressors reduces the latter's aggressive tendencies in that further aggression was less frequent after the occurrence of the affiliation. However, bystander affiliation toward aggressors occurred disproportionally between individuals that were socially close (i.e., affiliation partners) which suggest that it did not function to protect the actor itself against redirected aggression. Contrary to consolation behavior, it was provided most often by adult males and directed toward high ranking males, whereas females engaged less often in this behavior both as actors and recipients, suggesting that affiliation with aggressors is unlikely to be a reaction to the distress of others. We propose that bystander affiliation toward aggressors may function to strengthen bonds between valuable partners, probably as part of political strategies. Our findings also suggest that this post-conflict behavior may act as an alternative to reconciliation, i.e., post-conflict affiliation between opponents, in that it is more common when opponents fail to reconcile.
format	article
author	Teresa Romero Miguel A Castellanos Frans B M de Waal
author_facet	Teresa Romero Miguel A Castellanos Frans B M de Waal
author_sort	Teresa Romero
title	Post-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.
title_short	Post-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.
title_full	Post-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.
title_fullStr	Post-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.
title_full_unstemmed	Post-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.
title_sort	post-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/47c628c58b194dfcb3a240962c4fb796
work_keys_str_mv	AT teresaromero postconflictaffiliationbychimpanzeeswithaggressorsotherorientedversusselfishpoliticalstrategy AT miguelacastellanos postconflictaffiliationbychimpanzeeswithaggressorsotherorientedversusselfishpoliticalstrategy AT fransbmdewaal postconflictaffiliationbychimpanzeeswithaggressorsotherorientedversusselfishpoliticalstrategy
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Post-conflict affiliation by chimpanzees with aggressors: other-oriented versus selfish political strategy.

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