'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.

<h4>Context</h4>The use of ethnic identifiers in health systems is recommended in several European countries as a means to identify and address heath inequities. There are barriers to implementation that have not been researched.<h4>Objective</h4>This study examines whether a...

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Autores principales:	Maria Roura, Joseph W LeMaster, Ailish Hannigan, Anna Papyan, Sharon McCarthy, Diane Nurse, Nazmy Villarroel, Anne MacFarlane
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/47c69d3dc97f478593ec9bfb90868aba
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:47c69d3dc97f478593ec9bfb90868aba2021-12-02T20:05:39Z'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0251192https://doaj.org/article/47c69d3dc97f478593ec9bfb90868aba2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251192https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Context</h4>The use of ethnic identifiers in health systems is recommended in several European countries as a means to identify and address heath inequities. There are barriers to implementation that have not been researched.<h4>Objective</h4>This study examines whether and how ethnicity data can be collected in Irish general practices in a meaningful and acceptable way.<h4>Methods</h4>Qualitative case study data generation was informed by Normalization Process Theory (NPT) constructs about 'sense' making and 'engagement'. It consisted of individual interviews and focus group discussions based on visual participatory techniques. There were 70 informants, including 62 general practitioner (GP) users of diverse ethnic backgrounds recruited through community organisations and eight GPs identified through an inter-agency steering group. Data were analysed according to principles of thematic analysis using NPT.<h4>Results</h4>The link between ethnicity and health was often considered relevant because GP users grasped connections with genetic (skin colour, lactose intolerance), geographic (prevalence of disease, early years exposure), behavioural (culture/food) and social determinant (housing) factors. The link was less clear with religion. There was some scepticism and questions about how the collection of data would benefit GP consultations and concerns regarding confidentiality and the actual uses of these data (e.g. risk of discrimination, social control). For GPs, the main theme discussed was relevance: what added value would it bring to their consultations and was it was their role to collect these data? Their biggest concern was about data protection issues in light of the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The difficulty in explaining a complex concept such as 'ethnicity' in the limited time available in consultations was also worrying.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Implementation of an ethnicity identifier in Irish general practices will require a strong rationale that makes sense to GP users, and specific measures to ensure that its benefits outweigh any potential harm. This is in line with both our participants' views and the EU GDPR.Maria RouraJoseph W LeMasterAilish HanniganAnna PapyanSharon McCarthyDiane NurseNazmy VillarroelAnne MacFarlanePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0251192 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maria Roura Joseph W LeMaster Ailish Hannigan Anna Papyan Sharon McCarthy Diane Nurse Nazmy Villarroel Anne MacFarlane 'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.
description	<h4>Context</h4>The use of ethnic identifiers in health systems is recommended in several European countries as a means to identify and address heath inequities. There are barriers to implementation that have not been researched.<h4>Objective</h4>This study examines whether and how ethnicity data can be collected in Irish general practices in a meaningful and acceptable way.<h4>Methods</h4>Qualitative case study data generation was informed by Normalization Process Theory (NPT) constructs about 'sense' making and 'engagement'. It consisted of individual interviews and focus group discussions based on visual participatory techniques. There were 70 informants, including 62 general practitioner (GP) users of diverse ethnic backgrounds recruited through community organisations and eight GPs identified through an inter-agency steering group. Data were analysed according to principles of thematic analysis using NPT.<h4>Results</h4>The link between ethnicity and health was often considered relevant because GP users grasped connections with genetic (skin colour, lactose intolerance), geographic (prevalence of disease, early years exposure), behavioural (culture/food) and social determinant (housing) factors. The link was less clear with religion. There was some scepticism and questions about how the collection of data would benefit GP consultations and concerns regarding confidentiality and the actual uses of these data (e.g. risk of discrimination, social control). For GPs, the main theme discussed was relevance: what added value would it bring to their consultations and was it was their role to collect these data? Their biggest concern was about data protection issues in light of the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The difficulty in explaining a complex concept such as 'ethnicity' in the limited time available in consultations was also worrying.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Implementation of an ethnicity identifier in Irish general practices will require a strong rationale that makes sense to GP users, and specific measures to ensure that its benefits outweigh any potential harm. This is in line with both our participants' views and the EU GDPR.
format	article
author	Maria Roura Joseph W LeMaster Ailish Hannigan Anna Papyan Sharon McCarthy Diane Nurse Nazmy Villarroel Anne MacFarlane
author_facet	Maria Roura Joseph W LeMaster Ailish Hannigan Anna Papyan Sharon McCarthy Diane Nurse Nazmy Villarroel Anne MacFarlane
author_sort	Maria Roura
title	'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.
title_short	'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.
title_full	'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.
title_fullStr	'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.
title_full_unstemmed	'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.
title_sort	'if relevant, yes; if not, no': general practitioner (gp) users and gp perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in irish general practice: a qualitative analysis using normalization process theory.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/47c69d3dc97f478593ec9bfb90868aba
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'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.

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