Tempo and mode of diversification of lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes.

<h4>Background</h4>Understanding the causes of disparities in species diversity across taxonomic groups and regions is a fundamental aim in evolutionary biology. Addressing these questions is difficult because of the need for densely sampled phylogenies and suitable empirical systems.<...

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Autores principales:	Julia J Day, James A Cotton, Timothy G Barraclough
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/47c6b4e5877246f2ad550c374cf1fcb9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:47c6b4e5877246f2ad550c374cf1fcb92021-11-25T06:13:11ZTempo and mode of diversification of lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0001730https://doaj.org/article/47c6b4e5877246f2ad550c374cf1fcb92008-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18320049/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Understanding the causes of disparities in species diversity across taxonomic groups and regions is a fundamental aim in evolutionary biology. Addressing these questions is difficult because of the need for densely sampled phylogenies and suitable empirical systems.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we investigate the cichlid fish radiation of Lake Tanganyika and show that per lineage diversification rates have been more than six times slower than in the species flocks of Lakes Victoria and Malawi. The result holds even at peak periods of diversification in Lake Tanganyika, ruling out the age of the lake as an explanation for slow average rates, and is robust to uncertainties over the calibration of cichlid radiations in geological time. Moreover, Lake Tanganyika lineages, irrespective of different biological characteristics (e.g. sexually dichromatic versus sexually monochromatic clades), have diversified at similar rates, falling within typical estimates across a range of plant and animal clades. For example, the mostly sexually dichromatic haplochromines, which have speciated explosively in Lakes Victoria and Malawi, have displayed modest rates in Lake Tanganyika (where they are called Tropheini).<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>Our results show that either the Lake Tanganyika environment is less conducive for cichlid speciation or the remarkable diversifying abilities of the haplochromines were inhibited by the prior occupancy of older radiations. Although the results indicate a dominant role for the environment in shaping cichlid diversification, differences in the timing of diversification among the Tanganyikan tribes indicate that biological differences were still important for the dynamics of species build-up in the lake. While we cannot resolve the timing of the radiation relative to the origin of the lake, because of the lack of robust geological date calibrations for cichlids, our results are consistent with a scenario that the different clades reflect independent adaptive radiations into different broad niches in the lake.Julia J DayJames A CottonTimothy G BarracloughPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 3, p e1730 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Julia J Day James A Cotton Timothy G Barraclough Tempo and mode of diversification of lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Understanding the causes of disparities in species diversity across taxonomic groups and regions is a fundamental aim in evolutionary biology. Addressing these questions is difficult because of the need for densely sampled phylogenies and suitable empirical systems.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we investigate the cichlid fish radiation of Lake Tanganyika and show that per lineage diversification rates have been more than six times slower than in the species flocks of Lakes Victoria and Malawi. The result holds even at peak periods of diversification in Lake Tanganyika, ruling out the age of the lake as an explanation for slow average rates, and is robust to uncertainties over the calibration of cichlid radiations in geological time. Moreover, Lake Tanganyika lineages, irrespective of different biological characteristics (e.g. sexually dichromatic versus sexually monochromatic clades), have diversified at similar rates, falling within typical estimates across a range of plant and animal clades. For example, the mostly sexually dichromatic haplochromines, which have speciated explosively in Lakes Victoria and Malawi, have displayed modest rates in Lake Tanganyika (where they are called Tropheini).<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>Our results show that either the Lake Tanganyika environment is less conducive for cichlid speciation or the remarkable diversifying abilities of the haplochromines were inhibited by the prior occupancy of older radiations. Although the results indicate a dominant role for the environment in shaping cichlid diversification, differences in the timing of diversification among the Tanganyikan tribes indicate that biological differences were still important for the dynamics of species build-up in the lake. While we cannot resolve the timing of the radiation relative to the origin of the lake, because of the lack of robust geological date calibrations for cichlids, our results are consistent with a scenario that the different clades reflect independent adaptive radiations into different broad niches in the lake.
format	article
author	Julia J Day James A Cotton Timothy G Barraclough
author_facet	Julia J Day James A Cotton Timothy G Barraclough
author_sort	Julia J Day
title	Tempo and mode of diversification of lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes.
title_short	Tempo and mode of diversification of lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes.
title_full	Tempo and mode of diversification of lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes.
title_fullStr	Tempo and mode of diversification of lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes.
title_full_unstemmed	Tempo and mode of diversification of lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes.
title_sort	tempo and mode of diversification of lake tanganyika cichlid fishes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/47c6b4e5877246f2ad550c374cf1fcb9
work_keys_str_mv	AT juliajday tempoandmodeofdiversificationoflaketanganyikacichlidfishes AT jamesacotton tempoandmodeofdiversificationoflaketanganyikacichlidfishes AT timothygbarraclough tempoandmodeofdiversificationoflaketanganyikacichlidfishes
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Tempo and mode of diversification of lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes.

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