Sperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm

Abstract Cell–cell fusion is limited to only a few cell types in the body of most organisms and sperm and eggs are paradigmatic in this process. The specialized cellular mechanism of fertilization includes the timely exposure of gamete–specific interaction proteins by the sperm as it approaches the...

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Autores principales:	Gary M. Wessel, Yuuko Wada, Mamiko Yajima, Masato Kiyomoto
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/47d33cca8ff44f8fb15345b73662b5cb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:47d33cca8ff44f8fb15345b73662b5cb2021-11-08T10:46:39ZSperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm10.1038/s41598-021-00570-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/47d33cca8ff44f8fb15345b73662b5cb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00570-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cell–cell fusion is limited to only a few cell types in the body of most organisms and sperm and eggs are paradigmatic in this process. The specialized cellular mechanism of fertilization includes the timely exposure of gamete–specific interaction proteins by the sperm as it approaches the egg. Bindin in sea urchin sperm is one such gamete interaction protein and it enables species–specific interaction with a homotypic egg. We recently showed that Bindin is essential for fertilization by use of Cas9 targeted gene inactivation in the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Here we show phenotypic details of Bindin-minus sperm. Sperm lacking Bindin do not bind to nor fertilize eggs at even high concentrations, yet they otherwise have wildtype morphology and function. These features include head shape, tail length and beating frequency, an acrosomal vesicle, a nuclear fossa, and they undergo an acrosomal reaction. The only phenotypic differences between wildtype and Bindin-minus sperm identified is that Bindin-minus sperm have a slightly shorter head, likely as a result of an acrosome lacking Bindin. These data, and the observation that Bindin-minus embryos develop normally and metamorphose into normal functioning adults, support the contention that Bindin functions are limited to species–specific sperm–egg interactions. We conclude that the evolutionary divergence of Bindin is not constrained by any other biological roles.Gary M. WesselYuuko WadaMamiko YajimaMasato KiyomotoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gary M. Wessel Yuuko Wada Mamiko Yajima Masato Kiyomoto Sperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm
description	Abstract Cell–cell fusion is limited to only a few cell types in the body of most organisms and sperm and eggs are paradigmatic in this process. The specialized cellular mechanism of fertilization includes the timely exposure of gamete–specific interaction proteins by the sperm as it approaches the egg. Bindin in sea urchin sperm is one such gamete interaction protein and it enables species–specific interaction with a homotypic egg. We recently showed that Bindin is essential for fertilization by use of Cas9 targeted gene inactivation in the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Here we show phenotypic details of Bindin-minus sperm. Sperm lacking Bindin do not bind to nor fertilize eggs at even high concentrations, yet they otherwise have wildtype morphology and function. These features include head shape, tail length and beating frequency, an acrosomal vesicle, a nuclear fossa, and they undergo an acrosomal reaction. The only phenotypic differences between wildtype and Bindin-minus sperm identified is that Bindin-minus sperm have a slightly shorter head, likely as a result of an acrosome lacking Bindin. These data, and the observation that Bindin-minus embryos develop normally and metamorphose into normal functioning adults, support the contention that Bindin functions are limited to species–specific sperm–egg interactions. We conclude that the evolutionary divergence of Bindin is not constrained by any other biological roles.
format	article
author	Gary M. Wessel Yuuko Wada Mamiko Yajima Masato Kiyomoto
author_facet	Gary M. Wessel Yuuko Wada Mamiko Yajima Masato Kiyomoto
author_sort	Gary M. Wessel
title	Sperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm
title_short	Sperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm
title_full	Sperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm
title_fullStr	Sperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm
title_full_unstemmed	Sperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm
title_sort	sperm lacking bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/47d33cca8ff44f8fb15345b73662b5cb
work_keys_str_mv	AT garymwessel spermlackingbindinareinfertilebutareotherwiseindistinguishablefromwildtypesperm AT yuukowada spermlackingbindinareinfertilebutareotherwiseindistinguishablefromwildtypesperm AT mamikoyajima spermlackingbindinareinfertilebutareotherwiseindistinguishablefromwildtypesperm AT masatokiyomoto spermlackingbindinareinfertilebutareotherwiseindistinguishablefromwildtypesperm
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Sperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm

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