Spatial-Temporal Variation of Air PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> within Different Types of Vegetation during Winter in an Urban Riparian Zone of Shanghai
Particulate matter (PM) in urban riparian green spaces are undesirable for human participation in outdoor activities, especially PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>. The PM deposition, dispersion and modification are influenced by various factors including vegetation, water...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:47fe1d2782c844fb9f81a0454cd9774e2021-11-25T16:44:38ZSpatial-Temporal Variation of Air PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> within Different Types of Vegetation during Winter in an Urban Riparian Zone of Shanghai10.3390/atmos121114282073-4433https://doaj.org/article/47fe1d2782c844fb9f81a0454cd9774e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1428https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Particulate matter (PM) in urban riparian green spaces are undesirable for human participation in outdoor activities, especially PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>. The PM deposition, dispersion and modification are influenced by various factors including vegetation, water bodies and meteorological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of vegetation structures and the river’s presence on PM in riparian zones. The spatial-temporal variations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in three riparian vegetation communities with different structures (open grassland (G), arbor-grass (AG) and arbor-shrub-grass (ASG) woodlands) were monitored under relatively stable environment. The removal percentages (RP) and ratios of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> were calculated and compared to identify the removal effect of vegetation structures and the river’s presence. It is found that: (1) when the wind was static (hourly wind speed < 0.2 m/s), the RP was ranked as follows: G > AG > ASG. When the wind was mild (0.2 m/s < hourly wind speed < 2 m/s), the RP was ranked as follows: G > ASG > AG. Generally, the G had the best removal effect during the monitoring period; (2) the lowest RP occurred in the middle of the G (–3.4% for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, 1.8% for PM<sub>10</sub>) while the highest RP were found in middle of the AG and ASG, respectively (AG: 2.1% for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, 6.7% for PM<sub>10</sub>; ASG: 2.4% for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, 6.3% for PM<sub>10</sub>). Vegetation cover changed the way of natural deposition and dispersion; (3) compared with static periods, PM removal percentages were significantly reduced under mild wind conditions, and they were positively correlated with wind speed during the mild-wind period. Thus, a piecewise function was inferred between wind speed and PM removal percentage; (4) for all three communities, the 1 m-to-river PM<sub>2.5</sub>/PM<sub>10</sub> ratio was significantly lower than that at 6 m and 11 m, even lower than that in the ambient atmosphere. The river likely promoted the hygroscopic growth of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and the generation of larger-sized particles by coagulation effect. Based on these findings, open grassland space is preferred alongside rivers and space for outdoor activities is suggested under canopies in the middle of woodlands.Jing WangChangkun XieAnze LiangRuiyuan JiangZihao ManHao WuShengquan CheMDPI AGarticleparticulate matterriparian vegetationPM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> mitigation/abatementMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1428, p 1428 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
particulate matter riparian vegetation PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> mitigation/abatement Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
| spellingShingle |
particulate matter riparian vegetation PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> mitigation/abatement Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Jing Wang Changkun Xie Anze Liang Ruiyuan Jiang Zihao Man Hao Wu Shengquan Che Spatial-Temporal Variation of Air PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> within Different Types of Vegetation during Winter in an Urban Riparian Zone of Shanghai |
| description |
Particulate matter (PM) in urban riparian green spaces are undesirable for human participation in outdoor activities, especially PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>. The PM deposition, dispersion and modification are influenced by various factors including vegetation, water bodies and meteorological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of vegetation structures and the river’s presence on PM in riparian zones. The spatial-temporal variations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in three riparian vegetation communities with different structures (open grassland (G), arbor-grass (AG) and arbor-shrub-grass (ASG) woodlands) were monitored under relatively stable environment. The removal percentages (RP) and ratios of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> were calculated and compared to identify the removal effect of vegetation structures and the river’s presence. It is found that: (1) when the wind was static (hourly wind speed < 0.2 m/s), the RP was ranked as follows: G > AG > ASG. When the wind was mild (0.2 m/s < hourly wind speed < 2 m/s), the RP was ranked as follows: G > ASG > AG. Generally, the G had the best removal effect during the monitoring period; (2) the lowest RP occurred in the middle of the G (–3.4% for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, 1.8% for PM<sub>10</sub>) while the highest RP were found in middle of the AG and ASG, respectively (AG: 2.1% for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, 6.7% for PM<sub>10</sub>; ASG: 2.4% for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, 6.3% for PM<sub>10</sub>). Vegetation cover changed the way of natural deposition and dispersion; (3) compared with static periods, PM removal percentages were significantly reduced under mild wind conditions, and they were positively correlated with wind speed during the mild-wind period. Thus, a piecewise function was inferred between wind speed and PM removal percentage; (4) for all three communities, the 1 m-to-river PM<sub>2.5</sub>/PM<sub>10</sub> ratio was significantly lower than that at 6 m and 11 m, even lower than that in the ambient atmosphere. The river likely promoted the hygroscopic growth of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and the generation of larger-sized particles by coagulation effect. Based on these findings, open grassland space is preferred alongside rivers and space for outdoor activities is suggested under canopies in the middle of woodlands. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Jing Wang Changkun Xie Anze Liang Ruiyuan Jiang Zihao Man Hao Wu Shengquan Che |
| author_facet |
Jing Wang Changkun Xie Anze Liang Ruiyuan Jiang Zihao Man Hao Wu Shengquan Che |
| author_sort |
Jing Wang |
| title |
Spatial-Temporal Variation of Air PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> within Different Types of Vegetation during Winter in an Urban Riparian Zone of Shanghai |
| title_short |
Spatial-Temporal Variation of Air PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> within Different Types of Vegetation during Winter in an Urban Riparian Zone of Shanghai |
| title_full |
Spatial-Temporal Variation of Air PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> within Different Types of Vegetation during Winter in an Urban Riparian Zone of Shanghai |
| title_fullStr |
Spatial-Temporal Variation of Air PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> within Different Types of Vegetation during Winter in an Urban Riparian Zone of Shanghai |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial-Temporal Variation of Air PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> within Different Types of Vegetation during Winter in an Urban Riparian Zone of Shanghai |
| title_sort |
spatial-temporal variation of air pm<sub>2.5</sub> and pm<sub>10</sub> within different types of vegetation during winter in an urban riparian zone of shanghai |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/47fe1d2782c844fb9f81a0454cd9774e |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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