An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a global health pandemic causing millions of deaths worldwide. However, the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, particularly the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host innate immunit...

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Autores principales:	Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	SARS-CoV-2 TLRs TLR agonist vaccine adjuvants Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/481e8539bb824e7da5e1c5b29b4caeea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:481e8539bb824e7da5e1c5b29b4caeea2021-11-25T19:14:22ZAn Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants10.3390/v131123021999-4915https://doaj.org/article/481e8539bb824e7da5e1c5b29b4caeea2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2302https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a global health pandemic causing millions of deaths worldwide. However, the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, particularly the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host innate immunity, remains unclear. The innate immune system acts as the first line of host defense, which is critical for the initial detection of invading pathogens and the activation and shaping of adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors of innate immunity that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling for pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. However, TLRs may also act as a double-edged sword, and dysregulated TLR responses may enhance immune-mediated pathology, instead of providing protection. Therefore, a proper understanding of the interaction between TLRs and SARS-CoV-2 is of great importance for devising therapeutic and preventive strategies. The use of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants for human disease is a promising approach that could be applied in the investigation of COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of host innate immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with particular focus on TLR response. In addition, we discuss the use of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants in enhancing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine.Mohammad Enamul Hoque KayeshMichinori KoharaKyoko Tsukiyama-KoharaMDPI AGarticleSARS-CoV-2TLRsTLR agonistvaccineadjuvantsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2302, p 2302 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	SARS-CoV-2 TLRs TLR agonist vaccine adjuvants Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	SARS-CoV-2 TLRs TLR agonist vaccine adjuvants Microbiology QR1-502 Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh Michinori Kohara Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants
description	The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a global health pandemic causing millions of deaths worldwide. However, the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, particularly the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host innate immunity, remains unclear. The innate immune system acts as the first line of host defense, which is critical for the initial detection of invading pathogens and the activation and shaping of adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors of innate immunity that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling for pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. However, TLRs may also act as a double-edged sword, and dysregulated TLR responses may enhance immune-mediated pathology, instead of providing protection. Therefore, a proper understanding of the interaction between TLRs and SARS-CoV-2 is of great importance for devising therapeutic and preventive strategies. The use of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants for human disease is a promising approach that could be applied in the investigation of COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of host innate immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with particular focus on TLR response. In addition, we discuss the use of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants in enhancing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine.
format	article
author	Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh Michinori Kohara Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
author_facet	Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh Michinori Kohara Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
author_sort	Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
title	An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants
title_short	An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants
title_full	An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants
title_fullStr	An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants
title_full_unstemmed	An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants
title_sort	overview of recent insights into the response of tlr to sars-cov-2 infection and the potential of tlr agonists as sars-cov-2 vaccine adjuvants
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/481e8539bb824e7da5e1c5b29b4caeea
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An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants

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