Evapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang

Crop coefficients are critical to developing irrigation scheduling and improving agricultural water management in farmland ecosystems. Interest in dwarf cultivation with high density (DCHD) for apple production increases in Aksu oasis, southern Xinjiang. The lack of micro-irrigation scheduling limit...

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Autores principales:	Hui Cao, Hongbo Wang, Yong Li, Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani, Nan Zhang, Xingpeng Wang, Yang Gao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	crop coefficients SIMDualKc evapotranspiration dwarf cultivation with high density Royal Gala water productivity Agriculture (General) S1-972
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/485ff380b54d49a5802e6c60b88a6f8d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:485ff380b54d49a5802e6c60b88a6f8d2021-11-25T16:01:44ZEvapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang10.3390/agriculture111111672077-0472https://doaj.org/article/485ff380b54d49a5802e6c60b88a6f8d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1167https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472Crop coefficients are critical to developing irrigation scheduling and improving agricultural water management in farmland ecosystems. Interest in dwarf cultivation with high density (DCHD) for apple production increases in Aksu oasis, southern Xinjiang. The lack of micro-irrigation scheduling limits apple yield and water productivity of the DCHD-cultivated orchard. A two-year experiment with the DCHD-cultivated apple (Malus × domestica ‘Royal Gala’) orchard was conducted to determine crop coefficients and evapotranspiration (ET<sub>a</sub>) with the SIMDualKc model, and to investigate apple yield and water productivity (WP) in response to different irrigation scheduling. The five levels of irrigation rate were designed as W1 of 13.5 mm, W2 of 18.0 mm, W3 of 22.5 mm, W4 of 27.0 mm, and W5 of 31.5 mm. The mean value of basal crop coefficient (K<sub>cb</sub>) at the initial-, mid-, and late-season was 1.00, 1.30, and 0.89, respectively. The Kc-local (ET<sub>a</sub>/ET<sub>0</sub>) range for apple orchard with DCHD was 1.11–1.20, 1.33–1.43, and 1.09–1.22 at the initial, middle, and late season, respectively. ET<sub>a</sub> of apple orchard in this study ranged between 415.55–989.71 mm, and soil evaporation accounted for 13.85–29.97% of ET<sub>a</sub>. Relationships between total irrigation amount and apple yield and WP were developed, and W3 was suggested as an optimum irrigation schedule with an average apple yield of 30,540.8 kg/ha and WP of 4.45 kg/m<sup>3</sup> in 2019–2020. The results have implications in developing irrigation schedules and improving water management for apple production in arid regions.Hui CaoHongbo WangYong LiAbdoul Kader Mounkaila HamaniNan ZhangXingpeng WangYang GaoMDPI AGarticlecrop coefficientsSIMDualKcevapotranspirationdwarf cultivation with high densityRoyal Galawater productivityAgriculture (General)S1-972ENAgriculture, Vol 11, Iss 1167, p 1167 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	crop coefficients SIMDualKc evapotranspiration dwarf cultivation with high density Royal Gala water productivity Agriculture (General) S1-972
spellingShingle	crop coefficients SIMDualKc evapotranspiration dwarf cultivation with high density Royal Gala water productivity Agriculture (General) S1-972 Hui Cao Hongbo Wang Yong Li Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani Nan Zhang Xingpeng Wang Yang Gao Evapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang
description	Crop coefficients are critical to developing irrigation scheduling and improving agricultural water management in farmland ecosystems. Interest in dwarf cultivation with high density (DCHD) for apple production increases in Aksu oasis, southern Xinjiang. The lack of micro-irrigation scheduling limits apple yield and water productivity of the DCHD-cultivated orchard. A two-year experiment with the DCHD-cultivated apple (Malus × domestica ‘Royal Gala’) orchard was conducted to determine crop coefficients and evapotranspiration (ET<sub>a</sub>) with the SIMDualKc model, and to investigate apple yield and water productivity (WP) in response to different irrigation scheduling. The five levels of irrigation rate were designed as W1 of 13.5 mm, W2 of 18.0 mm, W3 of 22.5 mm, W4 of 27.0 mm, and W5 of 31.5 mm. The mean value of basal crop coefficient (K<sub>cb</sub>) at the initial-, mid-, and late-season was 1.00, 1.30, and 0.89, respectively. The Kc-local (ET<sub>a</sub>/ET<sub>0</sub>) range for apple orchard with DCHD was 1.11–1.20, 1.33–1.43, and 1.09–1.22 at the initial, middle, and late season, respectively. ET<sub>a</sub> of apple orchard in this study ranged between 415.55–989.71 mm, and soil evaporation accounted for 13.85–29.97% of ET<sub>a</sub>. Relationships between total irrigation amount and apple yield and WP were developed, and W3 was suggested as an optimum irrigation schedule with an average apple yield of 30,540.8 kg/ha and WP of 4.45 kg/m<sup>3</sup> in 2019–2020. The results have implications in developing irrigation schedules and improving water management for apple production in arid regions.
format	article
author	Hui Cao Hongbo Wang Yong Li Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani Nan Zhang Xingpeng Wang Yang Gao
author_facet	Hui Cao Hongbo Wang Yong Li Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani Nan Zhang Xingpeng Wang Yang Gao
author_sort	Hui Cao
title	Evapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang
title_short	Evapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang
title_full	Evapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang
title_fullStr	Evapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang
title_full_unstemmed	Evapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang
title_sort	evapotranspiration partition and dual crop coefficients in apple orchard with dwarf stocks and dense planting in arid region, aksu oasis, southern xinjiang
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/485ff380b54d49a5802e6c60b88a6f8d
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Evapotranspiration Partition and Dual Crop Coefficients in Apple Orchard with Dwarf Stocks and Dense Planting in Arid Region, Aksu Oasis, Southern Xinjiang

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