Divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae

Abstract The chloroplast genomes of many algae and almost all land plants carry two identical copies of a large inverted repeat (IR) sequence that can pair for flip-flop recombination and undergo expansion/contraction. Although the IR has been lost multiple times during the evolution of the green al...

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Autores principales:	Monique Turmel, Christian Otis, Claude Lemieux
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/487d626a523c4f93a3289e086298b0a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:487d626a523c4f93a3289e086298b0a12021-12-02T16:06:39ZDivergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae10.1038/s41598-017-01144-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/487d626a523c4f93a3289e086298b0a12017-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01144-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The chloroplast genomes of many algae and almost all land plants carry two identical copies of a large inverted repeat (IR) sequence that can pair for flip-flop recombination and undergo expansion/contraction. Although the IR has been lost multiple times during the evolution of the green algae, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. A recent comparison of IR-lacking and IR-containing chloroplast genomes of chlorophytes from the Ulvophyceae (Ulotrichales) suggested that differential elimination of genes from the IR copies might lead to IR loss. To gain deeper insights into the evolutionary history of the chloroplast genome in the Ulvophyceae, we analyzed the genomes of Ignatius tetrasporus and Pseudocharacium americanum (Ignatiales, an order not previously sampled), Dangemannia microcystis (Oltmannsiellopsidales), Pseudoneochloris marina (Ulvales) and also Chamaetrichon capsulatum and Trichosarcina mucosa (Ulotrichales). Our comparison of these six chloroplast genomes with those previously reported for nine ulvophyceans revealed unsuspected variability. All newly examined genomes feature an IR, but remarkably, the copies of the IR present in the Ignatiales, Pseudoneochloris, and Chamaetrichon diverge in sequence, with the tRNA genes from the rRNA operon missing in one IR copy. The implications of this unprecedented finding for the mechanism of IR loss and flip-flop recombination are discussed.Monique TurmelChristian OtisClaude LemieuxNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Monique Turmel Christian Otis Claude Lemieux Divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae
description	Abstract The chloroplast genomes of many algae and almost all land plants carry two identical copies of a large inverted repeat (IR) sequence that can pair for flip-flop recombination and undergo expansion/contraction. Although the IR has been lost multiple times during the evolution of the green algae, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. A recent comparison of IR-lacking and IR-containing chloroplast genomes of chlorophytes from the Ulvophyceae (Ulotrichales) suggested that differential elimination of genes from the IR copies might lead to IR loss. To gain deeper insights into the evolutionary history of the chloroplast genome in the Ulvophyceae, we analyzed the genomes of Ignatius tetrasporus and Pseudocharacium americanum (Ignatiales, an order not previously sampled), Dangemannia microcystis (Oltmannsiellopsidales), Pseudoneochloris marina (Ulvales) and also Chamaetrichon capsulatum and Trichosarcina mucosa (Ulotrichales). Our comparison of these six chloroplast genomes with those previously reported for nine ulvophyceans revealed unsuspected variability. All newly examined genomes feature an IR, but remarkably, the copies of the IR present in the Ignatiales, Pseudoneochloris, and Chamaetrichon diverge in sequence, with the tRNA genes from the rRNA operon missing in one IR copy. The implications of this unprecedented finding for the mechanism of IR loss and flip-flop recombination are discussed.
format	article
author	Monique Turmel Christian Otis Claude Lemieux
author_facet	Monique Turmel Christian Otis Claude Lemieux
author_sort	Monique Turmel
title	Divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae
title_short	Divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae
title_full	Divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae
title_fullStr	Divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae
title_full_unstemmed	Divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae
title_sort	divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/487d626a523c4f93a3289e086298b0a1
work_keys_str_mv	AT moniqueturmel divergentcopiesofthelargeinvertedrepeatinthechloroplastgenomesofulvophyceangreenalgae AT christianotis divergentcopiesofthelargeinvertedrepeatinthechloroplastgenomesofulvophyceangreenalgae AT claudelemieux divergentcopiesofthelargeinvertedrepeatinthechloroplastgenomesofulvophyceangreenalgae
_version_	1718384900730519552

Divergent copies of the large inverted repeat in the chloroplast genomes of ulvophycean green algae

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