Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?

Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which metabolises via the kynurenine pathway to generate a number of bioactive substances referred to as kynurenines. Among those are 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn) and quinolinic acid, which are neurotoxic, as well as kynurenic acid (Kyna) and xanthurenic a...

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Autores principales: W. Kędzierski, I. Sadok, S. Kowalik, I. Janczarek, M. Staniszewska
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:48a176a07e0f42fea5f601b7f119e3a82021-11-26T04:25:16ZDoes the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?1751-731110.1016/j.animal.2021.100377https://doaj.org/article/48a176a07e0f42fea5f601b7f119e3a82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731121002202https://doaj.org/toc/1751-7311Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which metabolises via the kynurenine pathway to generate a number of bioactive substances referred to as kynurenines. Among those are 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn) and quinolinic acid, which are neurotoxic, as well as kynurenic acid (Kyna) and xanthurenic acid (XA), which, similarly to nicotinamide (NAm), show neuroprotective and anti-depressive effects. Routine exercise is known to modulate Trp metabolism in skeletal muscle and is thus believed to reduce the risk of depressive states in humans and laboratory animals. Analogously, it was hypothesised that exercise can influence Trp metabolism in horses as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different types of exercise on Trp metabolism in horses of the same breed. A total of 32 purebred Arabian horses were involved in the study. The 22 three-year-old racehorses were subjected to short-time intense exercise. Ten other horses were made to perform endurance competitions at a distance of 80 km. Blood samples were collected at rest and following the end of the exercise period. Plasma concentrations of Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), Kyna, 3-HKyn, XA and NAm were determined using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionisation-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Short-time intense exercise led to an increase in plasma concentrations of Kyn, Kyna and XA. The endurance effort induced an increase in Kyna and a decrease in Trp and NAm levels. Both types of exercise, short-time intensive exercise and endurance exercise induced an increase in Trp metabolites, especially Kyna, and did not induce an increase in Trp level. Thus, from a pathophysiological perspective of the kynurenine pathway’s influence on mental state, both types of exercise induced beneficial effects in horses.W. KędzierskiI. SadokS. KowalikI. JanczarekM. StaniszewskaElsevierarticleKynurenic acidKynurenine pathwayTrainingAnimal cultureSF1-1100ENAnimal, Vol 15, Iss 11, Pp 100377- (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Kynurenic acid
Kynurenine pathway
Training
Animal culture
SF1-1100
spellingShingle Kynurenic acid
Kynurenine pathway
Training
Animal culture
SF1-1100
W. Kędzierski
I. Sadok
S. Kowalik
I. Janczarek
M. Staniszewska
Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?
description Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which metabolises via the kynurenine pathway to generate a number of bioactive substances referred to as kynurenines. Among those are 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn) and quinolinic acid, which are neurotoxic, as well as kynurenic acid (Kyna) and xanthurenic acid (XA), which, similarly to nicotinamide (NAm), show neuroprotective and anti-depressive effects. Routine exercise is known to modulate Trp metabolism in skeletal muscle and is thus believed to reduce the risk of depressive states in humans and laboratory animals. Analogously, it was hypothesised that exercise can influence Trp metabolism in horses as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different types of exercise on Trp metabolism in horses of the same breed. A total of 32 purebred Arabian horses were involved in the study. The 22 three-year-old racehorses were subjected to short-time intense exercise. Ten other horses were made to perform endurance competitions at a distance of 80 km. Blood samples were collected at rest and following the end of the exercise period. Plasma concentrations of Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), Kyna, 3-HKyn, XA and NAm were determined using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionisation-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Short-time intense exercise led to an increase in plasma concentrations of Kyn, Kyna and XA. The endurance effort induced an increase in Kyna and a decrease in Trp and NAm levels. Both types of exercise, short-time intensive exercise and endurance exercise induced an increase in Trp metabolites, especially Kyna, and did not induce an increase in Trp level. Thus, from a pathophysiological perspective of the kynurenine pathway’s influence on mental state, both types of exercise induced beneficial effects in horses.
format article
author W. Kędzierski
I. Sadok
S. Kowalik
I. Janczarek
M. Staniszewska
author_facet W. Kędzierski
I. Sadok
S. Kowalik
I. Janczarek
M. Staniszewska
author_sort W. Kędzierski
title Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?
title_short Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?
title_full Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?
title_fullStr Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?
title_full_unstemmed Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?
title_sort does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/48a176a07e0f42fea5f601b7f119e3a8
work_keys_str_mv AT wkedzierski doesthetypeofexerciseaffecttryptophancatabolisminhorses
AT isadok doesthetypeofexerciseaffecttryptophancatabolisminhorses
AT skowalik doesthetypeofexerciseaffecttryptophancatabolisminhorses
AT ijanczarek doesthetypeofexerciseaffecttryptophancatabolisminhorses
AT mstaniszewska doesthetypeofexerciseaffecttryptophancatabolisminhorses
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