Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations

Abstract Face gaze is a fundamental non-verbal behaviour and can be assessed using eye-tracking glasses. Methodological guidelines are lacking on which measure to use to determine face gaze. To evaluate face gaze patterns we compared three measures: duration, frequency and dwell time. Furthermore, s...

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Autores principales:	C. Jongerius, H. G. van den Boorn, T. Callemein, N. T. Boeske, J. A. Romijn, E. M. A. Smets, M. A. Hillen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/48b3b541120c4c50b79a735b678ad197
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:48b3b541120c4c50b79a735b678ad1972021-12-02T18:07:52ZEye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations10.1038/s41598-021-99068-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/48b3b541120c4c50b79a735b678ad1972021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99068-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Face gaze is a fundamental non-verbal behaviour and can be assessed using eye-tracking glasses. Methodological guidelines are lacking on which measure to use to determine face gaze. To evaluate face gaze patterns we compared three measures: duration, frequency and dwell time. Furthermore, state of the art face gaze analysis requires time and manual effort. We tested if face gaze patterns in the first 30, 60 and 120 s predict face gaze patterns in the remaining interaction. We performed secondary analyses of mobile eye-tracking data of 16 internal medicine physicians in consultation with 100 of their patients. Duration and frequency of face gaze were unrelated. The lack of association between duration and frequency suggests that research may yield different results depending on which measure of face gaze is used. Dwell time correlates both duration and frequency. Face gaze during the first seconds of the consultations predicted face gaze patterns of the remaining consultation time (R2 0.26 to 0.73). Therefore, face gaze during the first minutes of the consultations can be used to predict face gaze patterns over the complete interaction. Researchers interested to study face gaze may use these findings to make optimal methodological choices.C. JongeriusH. G. van den BoornT. CallemeinN. T. BoeskeJ. A. RomijnE. M. A. SmetsM. A. HillenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q C. Jongerius H. G. van den Boorn T. Callemein N. T. Boeske J. A. Romijn E. M. A. Smets M. A. Hillen Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations
description	Abstract Face gaze is a fundamental non-verbal behaviour and can be assessed using eye-tracking glasses. Methodological guidelines are lacking on which measure to use to determine face gaze. To evaluate face gaze patterns we compared three measures: duration, frequency and dwell time. Furthermore, state of the art face gaze analysis requires time and manual effort. We tested if face gaze patterns in the first 30, 60 and 120 s predict face gaze patterns in the remaining interaction. We performed secondary analyses of mobile eye-tracking data of 16 internal medicine physicians in consultation with 100 of their patients. Duration and frequency of face gaze were unrelated. The lack of association between duration and frequency suggests that research may yield different results depending on which measure of face gaze is used. Dwell time correlates both duration and frequency. Face gaze during the first seconds of the consultations predicted face gaze patterns of the remaining consultation time (R2 0.26 to 0.73). Therefore, face gaze during the first minutes of the consultations can be used to predict face gaze patterns over the complete interaction. Researchers interested to study face gaze may use these findings to make optimal methodological choices.
format	article
author	C. Jongerius H. G. van den Boorn T. Callemein N. T. Boeske J. A. Romijn E. M. A. Smets M. A. Hillen
author_facet	C. Jongerius H. G. van den Boorn T. Callemein N. T. Boeske J. A. Romijn E. M. A. Smets M. A. Hillen
author_sort	C. Jongerius
title	Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations
title_short	Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations
title_full	Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations
title_fullStr	Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations
title_full_unstemmed	Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations
title_sort	eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/48b3b541120c4c50b79a735b678ad197
work_keys_str_mv	AT cjongerius eyetrackinganalysesofphysicianfacegazepatternsinconsultations AT hgvandenboorn eyetrackinganalysesofphysicianfacegazepatternsinconsultations AT tcallemein eyetrackinganalysesofphysicianfacegazepatternsinconsultations AT ntboeske eyetrackinganalysesofphysicianfacegazepatternsinconsultations AT jaromijn eyetrackinganalysesofphysicianfacegazepatternsinconsultations AT emasmets eyetrackinganalysesofphysicianfacegazepatternsinconsultations AT mahillen eyetrackinganalysesofphysicianfacegazepatternsinconsultations
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Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations

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