Visualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)

ABSTRACT Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Asgardarchaeota have been recovered from a variety of habitats, broadening their environmental distribution and providing access to the genetic makeup of this archaeal lineage. The recent success in cultivating the first representative of Lokiarchaeia...

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Autores principales:	Michaela M. Salcher, Adrian-Ştefan Andrei, Paul-Adrian Bulzu, Zsolt G. Keresztes, Horia L. Banciu, Rohit Ghai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	Asgardarchaeota Heimdallarchaeia Lokiarchaeia CARD-FISH morphology Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/48cae9d2156646e782b5bbacba5ac331
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:48cae9d2156646e782b5bbacba5ac3312021-11-15T15:30:51ZVisualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)10.1128/mSphere.00686-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/48cae9d2156646e782b5bbacba5ac3312020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00686-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Asgardarchaeota have been recovered from a variety of habitats, broadening their environmental distribution and providing access to the genetic makeup of this archaeal lineage. The recent success in cultivating the first representative of Lokiarchaeia was a breakthrough in science at large and gave rise to new hypotheses about the evolution of eukaryotes. Despite their singular phylogenetic position at the base of the eukaryotic tree of life, the morphology of these bewildering organisms remains a mystery, except for the report of an unusual morphology with long, branching protrusions of the cultivated Lokiarchaeion strain “Candidatus Prometheoarchaeum syntrophicum” MK-D1. In order to visualize this elusive group, we applied a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD-FISH) and epifluorescence microscopy on coastal hypersaline sediment samples, using specifically designed CARD-FISH probes for Heimdallarchaeia and Lokiarchaeia lineages, and provide the first visual evidence for Heimdallarchaeia and new images of a lineage of Lokiarchaeia that is different from the cultured representative. Here, we show that while Heimdallarchaeia are characterized by a uniform cellular morphology typified by a centralized DNA localization, Lokiarchaeia display a plethora of shapes and sizes that likely reflect their broad phylogenetic diversity and ecological distribution. IMPORTANCE Asgardarchaeota are considered to be the closest relatives to modern eukaryotes. These enigmatic microbes have been mainly studied using metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Only very recently, a first member of Lokiarchaeia was isolated and characterized in detail; it featured a striking morphology with long, branching protrusions. In order to visualize additional members of the phylum Asgardarchaeota, we applied a fluorescence in situ hybridization technique and epifluorescence microscopy on coastal hypersaline sediment samples, using specifically designed probes for Heimdallarchaeia and Lokiarchaeia lineages. We provide the first visual evidence for Heimdallarchaeia that are characterized by a uniform cellular morphology typified by an apparently centralized DNA localization. Further, we provide new images of a lineage of Lokiarchaeia that is different from the cultured representative and with multiple morphologies, ranging from small ovoid cells to long filaments. This diversity in observed cell shapes is likely owing to the large phylogenetic diversity within Asgardarchaeota, the vast majority of which remain uncultured.Michaela M. SalcherAdrian-Ştefan AndreiPaul-Adrian BulzuZsolt G. KeresztesHoria L. BanciuRohit GhaiAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleAsgardarchaeotaHeimdallarchaeiaLokiarchaeiaCARD-FISHmorphologyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 4 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Asgardarchaeota Heimdallarchaeia Lokiarchaeia CARD-FISH morphology Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Asgardarchaeota Heimdallarchaeia Lokiarchaeia CARD-FISH morphology Microbiology QR1-502 Michaela M. Salcher Adrian-Ştefan Andrei Paul-Adrian Bulzu Zsolt G. Keresztes Horia L. Banciu Rohit Ghai Visualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)
description	ABSTRACT Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Asgardarchaeota have been recovered from a variety of habitats, broadening their environmental distribution and providing access to the genetic makeup of this archaeal lineage. The recent success in cultivating the first representative of Lokiarchaeia was a breakthrough in science at large and gave rise to new hypotheses about the evolution of eukaryotes. Despite their singular phylogenetic position at the base of the eukaryotic tree of life, the morphology of these bewildering organisms remains a mystery, except for the report of an unusual morphology with long, branching protrusions of the cultivated Lokiarchaeion strain “Candidatus Prometheoarchaeum syntrophicum” MK-D1. In order to visualize this elusive group, we applied a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD-FISH) and epifluorescence microscopy on coastal hypersaline sediment samples, using specifically designed CARD-FISH probes for Heimdallarchaeia and Lokiarchaeia lineages, and provide the first visual evidence for Heimdallarchaeia and new images of a lineage of Lokiarchaeia that is different from the cultured representative. Here, we show that while Heimdallarchaeia are characterized by a uniform cellular morphology typified by a centralized DNA localization, Lokiarchaeia display a plethora of shapes and sizes that likely reflect their broad phylogenetic diversity and ecological distribution. IMPORTANCE Asgardarchaeota are considered to be the closest relatives to modern eukaryotes. These enigmatic microbes have been mainly studied using metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Only very recently, a first member of Lokiarchaeia was isolated and characterized in detail; it featured a striking morphology with long, branching protrusions. In order to visualize additional members of the phylum Asgardarchaeota, we applied a fluorescence in situ hybridization technique and epifluorescence microscopy on coastal hypersaline sediment samples, using specifically designed probes for Heimdallarchaeia and Lokiarchaeia lineages. We provide the first visual evidence for Heimdallarchaeia that are characterized by a uniform cellular morphology typified by an apparently centralized DNA localization. Further, we provide new images of a lineage of Lokiarchaeia that is different from the cultured representative and with multiple morphologies, ranging from small ovoid cells to long filaments. This diversity in observed cell shapes is likely owing to the large phylogenetic diversity within Asgardarchaeota, the vast majority of which remain uncultured.
format	article
author	Michaela M. Salcher Adrian-Ştefan Andrei Paul-Adrian Bulzu Zsolt G. Keresztes Horia L. Banciu Rohit Ghai
author_facet	Michaela M. Salcher Adrian-Ştefan Andrei Paul-Adrian Bulzu Zsolt G. Keresztes Horia L. Banciu Rohit Ghai
author_sort	Michaela M. Salcher
title	Visualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)
title_short	Visualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)
title_full	Visualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)
title_fullStr	Visualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)
title_full_unstemmed	Visualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)
title_sort	visualization of lokiarchaeia and heimdallarchaeia (asgardarchaeota) by fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">in situ</italic> hybridization and catalyzed reporter deposition (card-fish)
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/48cae9d2156646e782b5bbacba5ac331
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Visualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)

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