Dietary Intake of Folate and Assessment of the Folate Deficiency Prevalence in Slovenia Using Serum Biomarkers

Folate deficiency is associated with various health issues, including anemia, cardiovascular disease, and birth defects. Low folate intake and suboptimal folate status were found in several countries; however, this topic has not yet been investigated in Slovenia. Dietary folate intake and serum fola...

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Autores principales:	Igor Pravst, Živa Lavriša, Maša Hribar, Hristo Hristov, Naska Kvarantan, Barbara Koroušić Seljak, Matej Gregorič, Urška Blaznik, Nadan Gregorič, Katja Zaletel, Adrijana Oblak, Joško Osredkar, Katja Žmitek, Anita Kušar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	folate folic acid folate intake folate deficiency homocysteine Slovenia Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/48df6fbf1d3d4edf883e1bbf2bf03077
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:48df6fbf1d3d4edf883e1bbf2bf030772021-11-25T18:34:41ZDietary Intake of Folate and Assessment of the Folate Deficiency Prevalence in Slovenia Using Serum Biomarkers10.3390/nu131138602072-6643https://doaj.org/article/48df6fbf1d3d4edf883e1bbf2bf030772021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3860https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Folate deficiency is associated with various health issues, including anemia, cardiovascular disease, and birth defects. Low folate intake and suboptimal folate status were found in several countries; however, this topic has not yet been investigated in Slovenia. Dietary folate intake and serum folate status were investigated through the nationally representative food consumption study SI.Menu/Nutrihealth. Folate intake was estimated using a sample of <i>N</i> = 1248 subjects aged 10–74 years, stratified in three age groups (adolescents, adults, elderly population), through two 24 h-dietary recalls and food propensity questionnaire. Data on serum folate and homocysteine was available for 280 participants. Very low folate intake (<300 µg/day) was observed in 59% of adolescents, 58% of adults and 68% of elderlies, and only about 12% achieved the WHO recommended level of 400 µg/day. Major dietary contributors were vegetables and fruit, and cereal products. Living environment, education, employment status and BMI were linked with low folate intake in adults; BMI, and sex in adolescents; and sex in elderlies. Considering low serum folate (<7 nmol/L) and high serum homocysteine (>15 nmol/L), folate deficiency was found in 7.6 and 10.5% in adults and elderlies, respectively. Additional public health strategies should be employed to promote the consumption of folate-rich foods. With current folate intakes, supplementation with folic acid is relevant especially in specific vulnerable populations, particularly in women planning and during pregnancy.Igor PravstŽiva LavrišaMaša HribarHristo HristovNaska KvarantanBarbara Koroušić SeljakMatej GregoričUrška BlaznikNadan GregoričKatja ZaletelAdrijana OblakJoško OsredkarKatja ŽmitekAnita KušarMDPI AGarticlefolatefolic acidfolate intakefolate deficiencyhomocysteineSloveniaNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3860, p 3860 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	folate folic acid folate intake folate deficiency homocysteine Slovenia Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	folate folic acid folate intake folate deficiency homocysteine Slovenia Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Igor Pravst Živa Lavriša Maša Hribar Hristo Hristov Naska Kvarantan Barbara Koroušić Seljak Matej Gregorič Urška Blaznik Nadan Gregorič Katja Zaletel Adrijana Oblak Joško Osredkar Katja Žmitek Anita Kušar Dietary Intake of Folate and Assessment of the Folate Deficiency Prevalence in Slovenia Using Serum Biomarkers
description	Folate deficiency is associated with various health issues, including anemia, cardiovascular disease, and birth defects. Low folate intake and suboptimal folate status were found in several countries; however, this topic has not yet been investigated in Slovenia. Dietary folate intake and serum folate status were investigated through the nationally representative food consumption study SI.Menu/Nutrihealth. Folate intake was estimated using a sample of <i>N</i> = 1248 subjects aged 10–74 years, stratified in three age groups (adolescents, adults, elderly population), through two 24 h-dietary recalls and food propensity questionnaire. Data on serum folate and homocysteine was available for 280 participants. Very low folate intake (<300 µg/day) was observed in 59% of adolescents, 58% of adults and 68% of elderlies, and only about 12% achieved the WHO recommended level of 400 µg/day. Major dietary contributors were vegetables and fruit, and cereal products. Living environment, education, employment status and BMI were linked with low folate intake in adults; BMI, and sex in adolescents; and sex in elderlies. Considering low serum folate (<7 nmol/L) and high serum homocysteine (>15 nmol/L), folate deficiency was found in 7.6 and 10.5% in adults and elderlies, respectively. Additional public health strategies should be employed to promote the consumption of folate-rich foods. With current folate intakes, supplementation with folic acid is relevant especially in specific vulnerable populations, particularly in women planning and during pregnancy.
format	article
author	Igor Pravst Živa Lavriša Maša Hribar Hristo Hristov Naska Kvarantan Barbara Koroušić Seljak Matej Gregorič Urška Blaznik Nadan Gregorič Katja Zaletel Adrijana Oblak Joško Osredkar Katja Žmitek Anita Kušar
author_facet	Igor Pravst Živa Lavriša Maša Hribar Hristo Hristov Naska Kvarantan Barbara Koroušić Seljak Matej Gregorič Urška Blaznik Nadan Gregorič Katja Zaletel Adrijana Oblak Joško Osredkar Katja Žmitek Anita Kušar
author_sort	Igor Pravst
title	Dietary Intake of Folate and Assessment of the Folate Deficiency Prevalence in Slovenia Using Serum Biomarkers
title_short	Dietary Intake of Folate and Assessment of the Folate Deficiency Prevalence in Slovenia Using Serum Biomarkers
title_full	Dietary Intake of Folate and Assessment of the Folate Deficiency Prevalence in Slovenia Using Serum Biomarkers
title_fullStr	Dietary Intake of Folate and Assessment of the Folate Deficiency Prevalence in Slovenia Using Serum Biomarkers
title_full_unstemmed	Dietary Intake of Folate and Assessment of the Folate Deficiency Prevalence in Slovenia Using Serum Biomarkers
title_sort	dietary intake of folate and assessment of the folate deficiency prevalence in slovenia using serum biomarkers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/48df6fbf1d3d4edf883e1bbf2bf03077
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Dietary Intake of Folate and Assessment of the Folate Deficiency Prevalence in Slovenia Using Serum Biomarkers

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