Effects of Sulfur Assimilation in <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> SS101 on Growth, Defense, and Metabolome of Different <i>Brassicaceae</i>
Genome-wide analysis of plant-growth-promoting <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> strain SS101 (<i>Pf</i>SS101) followed by site-directed mutagenesis previously suggested that sulfur assimilation may play an important role in growth promotion and induced systemic resistance in &l...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/48fe326b4e604b4984cc3468bb7cab30 |
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| Sumario: | Genome-wide analysis of plant-growth-promoting <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> strain SS101 (<i>Pf</i>SS101) followed by site-directed mutagenesis previously suggested that sulfur assimilation may play an important role in growth promotion and induced systemic resistance in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Here, we investigated the effects of sulfur metabolism in <i>Pf</i>SS101 on growth, defense, and shoot metabolomes of <i>Arabidopsis</i> and the Brassica crop, Broccoli. Root tips of seedlings of <i>Arabidopsis</i> and two Broccoli cultivars were treated with <i>Pf</i>SS101 or with a mutant disrupted in the adenylsulfate reductase <i>cysH</i>, a key gene in cysteine and methionine biosynthesis. Phenotyping of plants treated with wild-type <i>Pf</i>SS101 or its <i>cysH</i> mutant revealed that sulfur assimilation in <i>Pf</i>SS101 was associated with enhanced growth of <i>Arabidopsis</i> but with a reduction in shoot biomass of two Broccoli cultivars. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that <i>cysH</i>-mediated sulfur assimilation in <i>Pf</i>SS101 had significant effects on shoot chemistry of <i>Arabidopsis</i>, in particular on chain elongation of aliphatic glucosinolates (GLSs) and on indole metabolites, including camalexin and the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid. In Broccoli, <i>Pf</i>SS101 sulfur assimilation significantly upregulated the relative abundance of several shoot metabolites, in particular, indolic GLSs and phenylpropanoids. These metabolome changes in Broccoli plants coincided with <i>Pf</i>SS101-mediated suppression of leaf infections by <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>. Our study showed the metabolic interconnectedness of plants and their root-associated microbiota. |
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