Secondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum.

Cladosporium fulvum is a biotrophic fungal pathogen that causes leaf mould of tomato. Analysis of its genome suggested a high potential for production of secondary metabolites (SM), which might be harmful to plants and animals. Here, we have analysed in detail the predicted SM gene clusters of C. fu...

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Autores principales:	Jérôme Collemare, Scott Griffiths, Yuichiro Iida, Mansoor Karimi Jashni, Evy Battaglia, Russell J Cox, Pierre J G M de Wit
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/48ff6b5d693a4f878c3074fc20f46fa1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:48ff6b5d693a4f878c3074fc20f46fa12021-11-18T08:37:25ZSecondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0085877https://doaj.org/article/48ff6b5d693a4f878c3074fc20f46fa12014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24465762/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Cladosporium fulvum is a biotrophic fungal pathogen that causes leaf mould of tomato. Analysis of its genome suggested a high potential for production of secondary metabolites (SM), which might be harmful to plants and animals. Here, we have analysed in detail the predicted SM gene clusters of C. fulvum employing phylogenetic and comparative genomic approaches. Expression of the SM core genes was measured by RT-qrtPCR and produced SMs were determined by LC-MS and NMR analyses. The genome of C. fulvum contains six gene clusters that are conserved in other fungal species, which have undergone rearrangements and gene losses associated with the presence of transposable elements. Although being a biotroph, C. fulvum has the potential to produce elsinochrome and cercosporin toxins. However, the corresponding core genes are not expressed during infection of tomato. Only two core genes, PKS6 and NPS9, show high expression in planta, but both are significantly down regulated during colonization of the mesophyll tissue. In vitro SM profiling detected only one major compound that was identified as cladofulvin. PKS6 is likely involved in the production of this pigment because it is the only core gene significantly expressed under these conditions. Cladofulvin does not cause necrosis on Solanaceae plants and does not show any antimicrobial activity. In contrast to other biotrophic fungi that have a reduced SM production capacity, our studies on C. fulvum suggest that down-regulation of SM biosynthetic pathways might represent another mechanism associated with a biotrophic lifestyle.Jérôme CollemareScott GriffithsYuichiro IidaMansoor Karimi JashniEvy BattagliaRussell J CoxPierre J G M de WitPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e85877 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jérôme Collemare Scott Griffiths Yuichiro Iida Mansoor Karimi Jashni Evy Battaglia Russell J Cox Pierre J G M de Wit Secondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum.
description	Cladosporium fulvum is a biotrophic fungal pathogen that causes leaf mould of tomato. Analysis of its genome suggested a high potential for production of secondary metabolites (SM), which might be harmful to plants and animals. Here, we have analysed in detail the predicted SM gene clusters of C. fulvum employing phylogenetic and comparative genomic approaches. Expression of the SM core genes was measured by RT-qrtPCR and produced SMs were determined by LC-MS and NMR analyses. The genome of C. fulvum contains six gene clusters that are conserved in other fungal species, which have undergone rearrangements and gene losses associated with the presence of transposable elements. Although being a biotroph, C. fulvum has the potential to produce elsinochrome and cercosporin toxins. However, the corresponding core genes are not expressed during infection of tomato. Only two core genes, PKS6 and NPS9, show high expression in planta, but both are significantly down regulated during colonization of the mesophyll tissue. In vitro SM profiling detected only one major compound that was identified as cladofulvin. PKS6 is likely involved in the production of this pigment because it is the only core gene significantly expressed under these conditions. Cladofulvin does not cause necrosis on Solanaceae plants and does not show any antimicrobial activity. In contrast to other biotrophic fungi that have a reduced SM production capacity, our studies on C. fulvum suggest that down-regulation of SM biosynthetic pathways might represent another mechanism associated with a biotrophic lifestyle.
format	article
author	Jérôme Collemare Scott Griffiths Yuichiro Iida Mansoor Karimi Jashni Evy Battaglia Russell J Cox Pierre J G M de Wit
author_facet	Jérôme Collemare Scott Griffiths Yuichiro Iida Mansoor Karimi Jashni Evy Battaglia Russell J Cox Pierre J G M de Wit
author_sort	Jérôme Collemare
title	Secondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum.
title_short	Secondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum.
title_full	Secondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum.
title_fullStr	Secondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum.
title_full_unstemmed	Secondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum.
title_sort	secondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen cladosporium fulvum.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/48ff6b5d693a4f878c3074fc20f46fa1
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Secondary metabolism and biotrophic lifestyle in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum.

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