Towards Understanding the Involvement of H+-ATPase in Programmed Cell Death of Psammosilene tunicoides after Oxalic Acid Application

Psammosilene tunicoides is a unique perennial medicinal plant species native to the Southwestern regions of China. Its wild population is rare and endangered due to over-excessive collection and extended growth (4–5 years). This research shows that H+-ATPase...

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Autores principales:	Xinyu Jiang, Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi, Yuan Qin, Zongshen Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> oxalic acid H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase programmed cell death Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/491f43bee8684eaaad2606f35a334ce1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:491f43bee8684eaaad2606f35a334ce12021-11-25T18:28:43ZTowards Understanding the Involvement of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in Programmed Cell Death of <i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> after Oxalic Acid Application10.3390/molecules262269571420-3049https://doaj.org/article/491f43bee8684eaaad2606f35a334ce12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6957https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049<i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> is a unique perennial medicinal plant species native to the Southwestern regions of China. Its wild population is rare and endangered due to over-excessive collection and extended growth (4–5 years). This research shows that H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity was a key factor for oxalate-inducing programmed cell death (PCD) of <i>P. tunicoides</i> suspension cells. Oxalic acid (OA) is an effective abiotic elicitor that enhances a plant cell’s resistance to environmental stress. However, the role of OA in this process remains to be mechanistically unveiled. The present study evaluated the role of OA-induced cell death using an inverted fluorescence microscope after staining with Evans blue, FDA, PI, and Rd123. OA-stimulated changes in K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> trans-membrane flows using a patch-clamp method, together with OA modulation of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity, were further examined. OA treatment increased cell death rate in a dosage-and duration-dependent manner. OA significantly decreased the mitochondria activity and damaged its electron transport chain. The OA treatment also decreased intracellular pH, while the FC increased the pH value. Simultaneously, NH<sub>4</sub>Cl caused intracellular acidification. The OA treatment independently resulted in 90% and the FC led to 25% cell death rates. Consistently, the combined treatments caused a 31% cell death rate. Furthermore, treatment with EGTA caused a similar change in intracellular pH value to the La<sup>3+</sup> and OA application. Combined results suggest that OA-caused cell death could be attributed to intracellular acidification and the involvement of OA in the influx of extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>, thereby leading to membrane depolarization. Here we explore the resistance mechanism of <i>P</i>. <i>tunicoides</i> cells against various stresses endowed by OA treatment.Xinyu JiangMohammad Aqa MohammadiYuan QinZongshen ZhangMDPI AGarticle<i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i>oxalic acidH<sup>+</sup>-ATPaseprogrammed cell deathOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6957, p 6957 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> oxalic acid H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase programmed cell death Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	<i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> oxalic acid H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase programmed cell death Organic chemistry QD241-441 Xinyu Jiang Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi Yuan Qin Zongshen Zhang Towards Understanding the Involvement of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in Programmed Cell Death of <i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> after Oxalic Acid Application
description	<i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> is a unique perennial medicinal plant species native to the Southwestern regions of China. Its wild population is rare and endangered due to over-excessive collection and extended growth (4–5 years). This research shows that H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity was a key factor for oxalate-inducing programmed cell death (PCD) of <i>P. tunicoides</i> suspension cells. Oxalic acid (OA) is an effective abiotic elicitor that enhances a plant cell’s resistance to environmental stress. However, the role of OA in this process remains to be mechanistically unveiled. The present study evaluated the role of OA-induced cell death using an inverted fluorescence microscope after staining with Evans blue, FDA, PI, and Rd123. OA-stimulated changes in K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> trans-membrane flows using a patch-clamp method, together with OA modulation of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity, were further examined. OA treatment increased cell death rate in a dosage-and duration-dependent manner. OA significantly decreased the mitochondria activity and damaged its electron transport chain. The OA treatment also decreased intracellular pH, while the FC increased the pH value. Simultaneously, NH<sub>4</sub>Cl caused intracellular acidification. The OA treatment independently resulted in 90% and the FC led to 25% cell death rates. Consistently, the combined treatments caused a 31% cell death rate. Furthermore, treatment with EGTA caused a similar change in intracellular pH value to the La<sup>3+</sup> and OA application. Combined results suggest that OA-caused cell death could be attributed to intracellular acidification and the involvement of OA in the influx of extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>, thereby leading to membrane depolarization. Here we explore the resistance mechanism of <i>P</i>. <i>tunicoides</i> cells against various stresses endowed by OA treatment.
format	article
author	Xinyu Jiang Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi Yuan Qin Zongshen Zhang
author_facet	Xinyu Jiang Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi Yuan Qin Zongshen Zhang
author_sort	Xinyu Jiang
title	Towards Understanding the Involvement of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in Programmed Cell Death of <i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> after Oxalic Acid Application
title_short	Towards Understanding the Involvement of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in Programmed Cell Death of <i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> after Oxalic Acid Application
title_full	Towards Understanding the Involvement of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in Programmed Cell Death of <i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> after Oxalic Acid Application
title_fullStr	Towards Understanding the Involvement of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in Programmed Cell Death of <i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> after Oxalic Acid Application
title_full_unstemmed	Towards Understanding the Involvement of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in Programmed Cell Death of <i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> after Oxalic Acid Application
title_sort	towards understanding the involvement of h<sup>+</sup>-atpase in programmed cell death of <i>psammosilene tunicoides</i> after oxalic acid application
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/491f43bee8684eaaad2606f35a334ce1
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Towards Understanding the Involvement of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in Programmed Cell Death of <i>Psammosilene tunicoides</i> after Oxalic Acid Application

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