Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients

The gastrointestinal tract is the body’s largest interface between the host and the external environment. People infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk of microbiome alterations and severe diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated wi...

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Autores principales:	Mahdie Rahban, Agata Stanek, Amirreza Hooshmand, Yasaman Khamineh, Salma Ahi, Syed Naqui Kazim, Faizan Ahmad, Vladimir Muronetz, Mohamed Samy Abousenna, Samaneh Zolghadri, Ali A. Saboury
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	gut flora neurological symptoms coronavirus disease 19 angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 spike protein hepatic derangements Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/49260427b5634c62bca6d44cbeb50ce5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:49260427b5634c62bca6d44cbeb50ce52021-11-11T17:28:52ZInfection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients10.3390/jcm102148022077-0383https://doaj.org/article/49260427b5634c62bca6d44cbeb50ce52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/4802https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383The gastrointestinal tract is the body’s largest interface between the host and the external environment. People infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk of microbiome alterations and severe diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with gastrointestinal complicity in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be explained by the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cell receptors. These receptors are overexpressed in the gut lining, leading to a high intestinal permeability to foreign pathogens. It is believed that SARS-CoV-2 has a lesser likelihood of causing liver infection because of the diminished expression of ACE2 in liver cells. Interestingly, an interconnection between the lungs, brain, and gastrointestinal tract during severe COVID-19 has been mentioned. We hope that this review on the molecular mechanisms related to the gastrointestinal disorders as well as neurological and hepatic manifestations experienced by COVID-19 patients will help scientists to find a convenient solution for this and other pandemic events.Mahdie RahbanAgata StanekAmirreza HooshmandYasaman KhaminehSalma AhiSyed Naqui KazimFaizan AhmadVladimir MuronetzMohamed Samy AbousennaSamaneh ZolghadriAli A. SabouryMDPI AGarticlegut floraneurological symptomscoronavirus disease 19angiotensin-converting enzyme-2spike proteinhepatic derangementsMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 4802, p 4802 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	gut flora neurological symptoms coronavirus disease 19 angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 spike protein hepatic derangements Medicine R
spellingShingle	gut flora neurological symptoms coronavirus disease 19 angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 spike protein hepatic derangements Medicine R Mahdie Rahban Agata Stanek Amirreza Hooshmand Yasaman Khamineh Salma Ahi Syed Naqui Kazim Faizan Ahmad Vladimir Muronetz Mohamed Samy Abousenna Samaneh Zolghadri Ali A. Saboury Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients
description	The gastrointestinal tract is the body’s largest interface between the host and the external environment. People infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk of microbiome alterations and severe diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with gastrointestinal complicity in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be explained by the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cell receptors. These receptors are overexpressed in the gut lining, leading to a high intestinal permeability to foreign pathogens. It is believed that SARS-CoV-2 has a lesser likelihood of causing liver infection because of the diminished expression of ACE2 in liver cells. Interestingly, an interconnection between the lungs, brain, and gastrointestinal tract during severe COVID-19 has been mentioned. We hope that this review on the molecular mechanisms related to the gastrointestinal disorders as well as neurological and hepatic manifestations experienced by COVID-19 patients will help scientists to find a convenient solution for this and other pandemic events.
format	article
author	Mahdie Rahban Agata Stanek Amirreza Hooshmand Yasaman Khamineh Salma Ahi Syed Naqui Kazim Faizan Ahmad Vladimir Muronetz Mohamed Samy Abousenna Samaneh Zolghadri Ali A. Saboury
author_facet	Mahdie Rahban Agata Stanek Amirreza Hooshmand Yasaman Khamineh Salma Ahi Syed Naqui Kazim Faizan Ahmad Vladimir Muronetz Mohamed Samy Abousenna Samaneh Zolghadri Ali A. Saboury
author_sort	Mahdie Rahban
title	Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients
title_short	Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients
title_full	Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients
title_fullStr	Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients
title_full_unstemmed	Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients
title_sort	infection of human cells by sars-cov-2 and molecular overview of gastrointestinal, neurological, and hepatic problems in covid-19 patients
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/49260427b5634c62bca6d44cbeb50ce5
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Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients

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