Identification of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) that can Cause High Mortality Even in Genetically Resistant Fish

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an important viral disease of salmonids that can affect fish during various life cycles. In Atlantic salmon, selecting for genetically resistant fish against IPN has been one of the most highly praised success stories in the history of fish breeding. During th...

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Autores principales:	Borghild Hillestad, Stein Johannessen, Geir Olav Melingen, Hooman K. Moghadam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	RNA sequencing genome assembly quantitative trait locus (QTL) Atlantic salmon infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/49377514ccac4cc788cb7f388aea4acb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:49377514ccac4cc788cb7f388aea4acb2021-12-01T09:01:45ZIdentification of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) that can Cause High Mortality Even in Genetically Resistant Fish1664-802110.3389/fgene.2021.635185https://doaj.org/article/49377514ccac4cc788cb7f388aea4acb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.635185/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an important viral disease of salmonids that can affect fish during various life cycles. In Atlantic salmon, selecting for genetically resistant fish against IPN has been one of the most highly praised success stories in the history of fish breeding. During the late 2000s, the findings that resistance against this disease has a significant genetic component, which is mainly controlled by variations in a single gene, have helped to reduce the IPN outbreaks to a great extent. In this paper, we present the identification of a new variant of the IPN virus from a field outbreak in Western Norway that had caused mortality, even in genetically resistant salmon. We recovered and assembled the full-length genome of this virus, following the deep-sequencing of the head-kidney transcriptome. The comparative sequence analysis revealed that for the critical amino acid motifs, previously found to be associated with the degree of virulence, the newly identified variant is similar to the virus’s avirulent form. However, we detected a set of deduced amino acid residues, particularly in the hypervariable domain of the VP2, that collectively are unique to this variant compared to all other reference sequences assessed in this study. We suggest that these mutations have likely equipped the virus with the capacity to escape the host defence mechanism more efficiently, even in the genetically deemed IPN resistant fish.Borghild HillestadStein JohannessenGeir Olav MelingenHooman K. MoghadamFrontiers Media S.A.articleRNA sequencinggenome assemblyquantitative trait locus (QTL)Atlantic salmoninfectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)GeneticsQH426-470ENFrontiers in Genetics, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	RNA sequencing genome assembly quantitative trait locus (QTL) Atlantic salmon infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	RNA sequencing genome assembly quantitative trait locus (QTL) Atlantic salmon infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Genetics QH426-470 Borghild Hillestad Stein Johannessen Geir Olav Melingen Hooman K. Moghadam Identification of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) that can Cause High Mortality Even in Genetically Resistant Fish
description	Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an important viral disease of salmonids that can affect fish during various life cycles. In Atlantic salmon, selecting for genetically resistant fish against IPN has been one of the most highly praised success stories in the history of fish breeding. During the late 2000s, the findings that resistance against this disease has a significant genetic component, which is mainly controlled by variations in a single gene, have helped to reduce the IPN outbreaks to a great extent. In this paper, we present the identification of a new variant of the IPN virus from a field outbreak in Western Norway that had caused mortality, even in genetically resistant salmon. We recovered and assembled the full-length genome of this virus, following the deep-sequencing of the head-kidney transcriptome. The comparative sequence analysis revealed that for the critical amino acid motifs, previously found to be associated with the degree of virulence, the newly identified variant is similar to the virus’s avirulent form. However, we detected a set of deduced amino acid residues, particularly in the hypervariable domain of the VP2, that collectively are unique to this variant compared to all other reference sequences assessed in this study. We suggest that these mutations have likely equipped the virus with the capacity to escape the host defence mechanism more efficiently, even in the genetically deemed IPN resistant fish.
format	article
author	Borghild Hillestad Stein Johannessen Geir Olav Melingen Hooman K. Moghadam
author_facet	Borghild Hillestad Stein Johannessen Geir Olav Melingen Hooman K. Moghadam
author_sort	Borghild Hillestad
title	Identification of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) that can Cause High Mortality Even in Genetically Resistant Fish
title_short	Identification of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) that can Cause High Mortality Even in Genetically Resistant Fish
title_full	Identification of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) that can Cause High Mortality Even in Genetically Resistant Fish
title_fullStr	Identification of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) that can Cause High Mortality Even in Genetically Resistant Fish
title_full_unstemmed	Identification of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) that can Cause High Mortality Even in Genetically Resistant Fish
title_sort	identification of a new infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) variant in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) that can cause high mortality even in genetically resistant fish
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/49377514ccac4cc788cb7f388aea4acb
work_keys_str_mv	AT borghildhillestad identificationofanewinfectiouspancreaticnecrosisvirusipnvvariantinatlanticsalmonsalmosalarlthatcancausehighmortalityeveningeneticallyresistantfish AT steinjohannessen identificationofanewinfectiouspancreaticnecrosisvirusipnvvariantinatlanticsalmonsalmosalarlthatcancausehighmortalityeveningeneticallyresistantfish AT geirolavmelingen identificationofanewinfectiouspancreaticnecrosisvirusipnvvariantinatlanticsalmonsalmosalarlthatcancausehighmortalityeveningeneticallyresistantfish AT hoomankmoghadam identificationofanewinfectiouspancreaticnecrosisvirusipnvvariantinatlanticsalmonsalmosalarlthatcancausehighmortalityeveningeneticallyresistantfish
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Identification of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) that can Cause High Mortality Even in Genetically Resistant Fish

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