A review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration

Abstract During spaceflight, the central nervous system (CNS) is exposed to a complex array of environmental stressors. However, the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the CNS and the resulting impact to crew health and operational performance remain largely unknown. In this review, we summariz...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Meaghan Roy-O’Reilly, Ajitkumar Mulavara, Thomas Williams
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4941a94120884486bcb5bd3a7de0b330
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:4941a94120884486bcb5bd3a7de0b330
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4941a94120884486bcb5bd3a7de0b3302021-12-02T14:03:52ZA review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration10.1038/s41526-021-00133-z2373-8065https://doaj.org/article/4941a94120884486bcb5bd3a7de0b3302021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-021-00133-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2373-8065Abstract During spaceflight, the central nervous system (CNS) is exposed to a complex array of environmental stressors. However, the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the CNS and the resulting impact to crew health and operational performance remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding spaceflight-associated changes to the brain as measured by magnetic resonance imaging, particularly as they relate to mission duration. Numerous studies have reported macrostructural changes to the brain after spaceflight, including alterations in brain position, tissue volumes and cerebrospinal fluid distribution and dynamics. Changes in brain tissue microstructure and connectivity were also described, involving regions related to vestibular, cerebellar, visual, motor, somatosensory and cognitive function. Several alterations were also associated with exposure to analogs of spaceflight, providing evidence that brain changes likely result from cumulative exposure to multiple independent environmental stressors. Whereas several studies noted that changes to the brain become more pronounced with increasing mission duration, it remains unclear if these changes represent compensatory phenomena or maladaptive dysregulations. Future work is needed to understand how spaceflight-associated changes to the brain affect crew health and performance, with the goal of developing comprehensive monitoring and countermeasure strategies for future long-duration space exploration.Meaghan Roy-O’ReillyAjitkumar MulavaraThomas WilliamsNature PortfolioarticleBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65PhysiologyQP1-981ENnpj Microgravity, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981 Meaghan Roy-O’Reilly Ajitkumar Mulavara Thomas Williams A review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration
description	Abstract During spaceflight, the central nervous system (CNS) is exposed to a complex array of environmental stressors. However, the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the CNS and the resulting impact to crew health and operational performance remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding spaceflight-associated changes to the brain as measured by magnetic resonance imaging, particularly as they relate to mission duration. Numerous studies have reported macrostructural changes to the brain after spaceflight, including alterations in brain position, tissue volumes and cerebrospinal fluid distribution and dynamics. Changes in brain tissue microstructure and connectivity were also described, involving regions related to vestibular, cerebellar, visual, motor, somatosensory and cognitive function. Several alterations were also associated with exposure to analogs of spaceflight, providing evidence that brain changes likely result from cumulative exposure to multiple independent environmental stressors. Whereas several studies noted that changes to the brain become more pronounced with increasing mission duration, it remains unclear if these changes represent compensatory phenomena or maladaptive dysregulations. Future work is needed to understand how spaceflight-associated changes to the brain affect crew health and performance, with the goal of developing comprehensive monitoring and countermeasure strategies for future long-duration space exploration.
format	article
author	Meaghan Roy-O’Reilly Ajitkumar Mulavara Thomas Williams
author_facet	Meaghan Roy-O’Reilly Ajitkumar Mulavara Thomas Williams
author_sort	Meaghan Roy-O’Reilly
title	A review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration
title_short	A review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration
title_full	A review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration
title_fullStr	A review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration
title_full_unstemmed	A review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration
title_sort	review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4941a94120884486bcb5bd3a7de0b330
work_keys_str_mv	AT meaghanroyoreilly areviewofalterationstothebrainduringspaceflightandthepotentialrelevancetocrewinlongdurationspaceexploration AT ajitkumarmulavara areviewofalterationstothebrainduringspaceflightandthepotentialrelevancetocrewinlongdurationspaceexploration AT thomaswilliams areviewofalterationstothebrainduringspaceflightandthepotentialrelevancetocrewinlongdurationspaceexploration AT meaghanroyoreilly reviewofalterationstothebrainduringspaceflightandthepotentialrelevancetocrewinlongdurationspaceexploration AT ajitkumarmulavara reviewofalterationstothebrainduringspaceflightandthepotentialrelevancetocrewinlongdurationspaceexploration AT thomaswilliams reviewofalterationstothebrainduringspaceflightandthepotentialrelevancetocrewinlongdurationspaceexploration
_version_	1718392016931389440

A review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration

Ejemplares similares