Hipoteza Witolda Mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich

Witold Mańczak’s Hypothesis about the Finno-Ugric Substrate in the Baltic Languages The paper discusses Witold Mańczak’s hypothesis concerning a Finnic (particularly Balto-Finnic) substrate in the Baltic languages (Mańczak 1990: 29–38; 1993: 151; 2008: 149–152), as well as J. H. Holst’s critical...

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Autor principal:	Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	DE EN FR PL RU
Publicado:	Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing 2019
Materias:	języki bałtyckie kontakty językowe substrat wpływ ugrofiński Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar P101-410
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/495cecad03d541c5b9263f4b1906e62d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:495cecad03d541c5b9263f4b1906e62d2021-11-27T12:59:36ZHipoteza Witolda Mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich10.12797/LV.14.2019.28.031896-21222392-1226https://doaj.org/article/495cecad03d541c5b9263f4b1906e62d2019-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.akademicka.pl/lv/article/view/632https://doaj.org/toc/1896-2122https://doaj.org/toc/2392-1226 Witold Mańczak’s Hypothesis about the Finno-Ugric Substrate in the Baltic Languages The paper discusses Witold Mańczak’s hypothesis concerning a Finnic (particularly Balto-Finnic) substrate in the Baltic languages (Mańczak 1990: 29–38; 1993: 151; 2008: 149–152), as well as J. H. Holst’s critical evaluation of the problem (Holst 2015: 151–173). Mańczak lists as many as ten arguments in support of the substrate theory: According to Meillet (1925: 100–101), the disappearance of the neuter gender in Lithuanian and Latvian occurred under the influence of Balto-Finnic languages, since the category of gender is absent from Finno-Ugric; Old Lithuanian displays secondary local cases (i.e. illative, allative, adessive, ines-sive), formed using postpositions according to the Finno-Ugric pattern (Meillet 1925: 101); The Lithuanian constructions expressing evidentiality (e.g. Lith. nešęs velnias ak-menį) – as well as their Latvian counterparts – appeared due to substrate influence, according to Pisani (1959: 217); The Lithuanian numerals 11–19 ending in -lika (e.g, Lith. vienúolika ‘eleven’, dvýlika ‘twelve’, etc.) are of substrate origin (Pisani 1959: 217); The particle of the Lithuanian imperative -ki or -k (e.g. OLith. dúoki ‘give’) – repro-duces a similar particle known from Finnish, according to some scholars (Топоров, Трубачев 1962: 249–250); The alternation of voiced and voiceless consonants like blekai / plekai ‘tripe’ (Kiparsky 1968: 76–90 lists 200 such doublets in Latvian and 50 in Lithuanian) may be caused by the influence of a Finno-Ugric substratum, since the Finno-Ugric lan-guages used to lack voiced consonants; There are Common Baltic terms of Finno-Ugric origin, e.g. the name for ‘amber’: OPrus. gentars, Lith. giñtaras, Latv. dzĩtars m. ‘amber’ (Bednarczuk 1976: 47–48). The use of the genitive instead of an adjective in East Baltic (e.g. Lith. lietuvių kalba ‘Lithuanian language’, Latv. latviešu valoda ‘Latvian language’), unknown in other Indo-European languages, arose through Balto-Finnic influence – cf. Finnish suomen kieli ‘Finnish language’, Est. eesti keel ‘Estonian language’ (Bednarczuk 1968). The territory of Latvia abounds in hydronyms of Finnic provenance, while in Lithuania we may identify the name Nemunas (chief river in the area) as well as ca. 30 other river names of potential Finno-Ugric origin (Zinkevičius 1984: 155). The non-distinction of grammatical number in third-person finite verb forms in Lithua-nian, Latvian and Old Prussian was, according to some researchers (e.g. Thomason, Kaufman 1988: 243), caused by Balto-Finnic influence. Besides, the present author reviews Holst’s critical paper on the theory of a Uralic substratum in Common Baltic. Krzysztof Tomasz WitczakKsiegarnia Akademicka Publishingarticlejęzyki bałtyckiekontakty językowesubstratwpływ ugrofińskiLanguage. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammarP101-410DEENFRPLRULingVaria, Vol 14, Iss 28 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	DE EN FR PL RU
topic	języki bałtyckie kontakty językowe substrat wpływ ugrofiński Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar P101-410
spellingShingle	języki bałtyckie kontakty językowe substrat wpływ ugrofiński Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar P101-410 Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak Hipoteza Witolda Mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich
description	Witold Mańczak’s Hypothesis about the Finno-Ugric Substrate in the Baltic Languages The paper discusses Witold Mańczak’s hypothesis concerning a Finnic (particularly Balto-Finnic) substrate in the Baltic languages (Mańczak 1990: 29–38; 1993: 151; 2008: 149–152), as well as J. H. Holst’s critical evaluation of the problem (Holst 2015: 151–173). Mańczak lists as many as ten arguments in support of the substrate theory: According to Meillet (1925: 100–101), the disappearance of the neuter gender in Lithuanian and Latvian occurred under the influence of Balto-Finnic languages, since the category of gender is absent from Finno-Ugric; Old Lithuanian displays secondary local cases (i.e. illative, allative, adessive, ines-sive), formed using postpositions according to the Finno-Ugric pattern (Meillet 1925: 101); The Lithuanian constructions expressing evidentiality (e.g. Lith. nešęs velnias ak-menį) – as well as their Latvian counterparts – appeared due to substrate influence, according to Pisani (1959: 217); The Lithuanian numerals 11–19 ending in -lika (e.g, Lith. vienúolika ‘eleven’, dvýlika ‘twelve’, etc.) are of substrate origin (Pisani 1959: 217); The particle of the Lithuanian imperative -ki or -k (e.g. OLith. dúoki ‘give’) – repro-duces a similar particle known from Finnish, according to some scholars (Топоров, Трубачев 1962: 249–250); The alternation of voiced and voiceless consonants like blekai / plekai ‘tripe’ (Kiparsky 1968: 76–90 lists 200 such doublets in Latvian and 50 in Lithuanian) may be caused by the influence of a Finno-Ugric substratum, since the Finno-Ugric lan-guages used to lack voiced consonants; There are Common Baltic terms of Finno-Ugric origin, e.g. the name for ‘amber’: OPrus. gentars, Lith. giñtaras, Latv. dzĩtars m. ‘amber’ (Bednarczuk 1976: 47–48). The use of the genitive instead of an adjective in East Baltic (e.g. Lith. lietuvių kalba ‘Lithuanian language’, Latv. latviešu valoda ‘Latvian language’), unknown in other Indo-European languages, arose through Balto-Finnic influence – cf. Finnish suomen kieli ‘Finnish language’, Est. eesti keel ‘Estonian language’ (Bednarczuk 1968). The territory of Latvia abounds in hydronyms of Finnic provenance, while in Lithuania we may identify the name Nemunas (chief river in the area) as well as ca. 30 other river names of potential Finno-Ugric origin (Zinkevičius 1984: 155). The non-distinction of grammatical number in third-person finite verb forms in Lithua-nian, Latvian and Old Prussian was, according to some researchers (e.g. Thomason, Kaufman 1988: 243), caused by Balto-Finnic influence. Besides, the present author reviews Holst’s critical paper on the theory of a Uralic substratum in Common Baltic.
format	article
author	Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak
author_facet	Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak
author_sort	Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak
title	Hipoteza Witolda Mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich
title_short	Hipoteza Witolda Mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich
title_full	Hipoteza Witolda Mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich
title_fullStr	Hipoteza Witolda Mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich
title_full_unstemmed	Hipoteza Witolda Mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich
title_sort	hipoteza witolda mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich
publisher	Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/495cecad03d541c5b9263f4b1906e62d
work_keys_str_mv	AT krzysztoftomaszwitczak hipotezawitoldamanczakaougrofinskimsubstraciewjezykachbałtyckich
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Hipoteza Witolda Mańczaka o ugrofińskim substracie w językach bałtyckich

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