Polyphenolic and molecular variation in Thymus species using HPLC and SRAP analyses

Abstract In the present research, inter and intra genetic variability of 77 accessions belonging to 11 Thymus species were assessed using eight SRAP primer combinations. High polymorphism (98.3%) was observed in the studied species. The cluster analysis classified Thymus species into five main group...

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Autores principales:	Danial Sarfaraz, Mehdi Rahimmalek, Ghodratollah Saeidi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4981c6b3bd9142f9a69a8f51f2c478a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4981c6b3bd9142f9a69a8f51f2c478a42021-12-02T13:20:02ZPolyphenolic and molecular variation in Thymus species using HPLC and SRAP analyses10.1038/s41598-021-84449-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4981c6b3bd9142f9a69a8f51f2c478a42021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84449-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In the present research, inter and intra genetic variability of 77 accessions belonging to 11 Thymus species were assessed using eight SRAP primer combinations. High polymorphism (98.3%) was observed in the studied species. The cluster analysis classified Thymus species into five main groups. According to molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis, 63.14% of total genetic variation was obtained within the species, while 36.86% of variation was observed among species. STRUCTURE analysis was also performed to estimate the admixture of species. For instance, T. carmanicus and T. transcaspicus revealed high admixtures. HPLC analysis also demonstrated the presence of rosmarinic acid (32.3–150.7 mg/100 g DW), salvianolic acid (8–90 mg/100 g DW), and cinnamic acid (1.7–32.3 mg/100 g DW) as major phenolic acids, as well as apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin as the major flavonoids. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected in T. transcaspicus (37.62 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g−1 DW) and T. vulgaris (8.72 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) g−1 DW), respectively. The antioxidant properties and total phenolic of Thymus species were examined using DPPH and β-carotene-linoleic acid model systems and consequently T. vulgaris and T. pubescens were detected with the highest and the lowest antioxidant activities respectively. Cluster and principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the components classified the species in to three groups. Finally, similarity within some species was observed comparing molecular and phytochemical markers. For instance, T. vulgaris separated from other species according to major polyphenolic profiles and molecular analyses, as well as T. transcaspicus, T. carmanicus, and T. fedtschenkoi that were clustered in the same groups.Danial SarfarazMehdi RahimmalekGhodratollah SaeidiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Danial Sarfaraz Mehdi Rahimmalek Ghodratollah Saeidi Polyphenolic and molecular variation in Thymus species using HPLC and SRAP analyses
description	Abstract In the present research, inter and intra genetic variability of 77 accessions belonging to 11 Thymus species were assessed using eight SRAP primer combinations. High polymorphism (98.3%) was observed in the studied species. The cluster analysis classified Thymus species into five main groups. According to molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis, 63.14% of total genetic variation was obtained within the species, while 36.86% of variation was observed among species. STRUCTURE analysis was also performed to estimate the admixture of species. For instance, T. carmanicus and T. transcaspicus revealed high admixtures. HPLC analysis also demonstrated the presence of rosmarinic acid (32.3–150.7 mg/100 g DW), salvianolic acid (8–90 mg/100 g DW), and cinnamic acid (1.7–32.3 mg/100 g DW) as major phenolic acids, as well as apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin as the major flavonoids. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected in T. transcaspicus (37.62 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g−1 DW) and T. vulgaris (8.72 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) g−1 DW), respectively. The antioxidant properties and total phenolic of Thymus species were examined using DPPH and β-carotene-linoleic acid model systems and consequently T. vulgaris and T. pubescens were detected with the highest and the lowest antioxidant activities respectively. Cluster and principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the components classified the species in to three groups. Finally, similarity within some species was observed comparing molecular and phytochemical markers. For instance, T. vulgaris separated from other species according to major polyphenolic profiles and molecular analyses, as well as T. transcaspicus, T. carmanicus, and T. fedtschenkoi that were clustered in the same groups.
format	article
author	Danial Sarfaraz Mehdi Rahimmalek Ghodratollah Saeidi
author_facet	Danial Sarfaraz Mehdi Rahimmalek Ghodratollah Saeidi
author_sort	Danial Sarfaraz
title	Polyphenolic and molecular variation in Thymus species using HPLC and SRAP analyses
title_short	Polyphenolic and molecular variation in Thymus species using HPLC and SRAP analyses
title_full	Polyphenolic and molecular variation in Thymus species using HPLC and SRAP analyses
title_fullStr	Polyphenolic and molecular variation in Thymus species using HPLC and SRAP analyses
title_full_unstemmed	Polyphenolic and molecular variation in Thymus species using HPLC and SRAP analyses
title_sort	polyphenolic and molecular variation in thymus species using hplc and srap analyses
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4981c6b3bd9142f9a69a8f51f2c478a4
work_keys_str_mv	AT danialsarfaraz polyphenolicandmolecularvariationinthymusspeciesusinghplcandsrapanalyses AT mehdirahimmalek polyphenolicandmolecularvariationinthymusspeciesusinghplcandsrapanalyses AT ghodratollahsaeidi polyphenolicandmolecularvariationinthymusspeciesusinghplcandsrapanalyses
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Polyphenolic and molecular variation in Thymus species using HPLC and SRAP analyses

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