Prismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people

Ashton C Ellison, A John Campbell, M Clare Robertson, Gordon F SandersonDunedin School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dunedin, New ZealandBackground: Multifocal glasses (bifocals, trifocals, and progressives) increase the risk of falling in elderly people, but how they do so is unclear. To ex...

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Autores principales:	Ellison AC, Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Sanderson GF
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2014
Materias:	Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/49842230ffba47d79e5040a9eec3786e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:49842230ffba47d79e5040a9eec3786e2021-12-02T01:14:38ZPrismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/49842230ffba47d79e5040a9eec3786e2014-05-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/prismatic-displacement-effect-of-progressive-multifocal-glasses-on-rea-a16762https://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483 Ashton C Ellison, A John Campbell, M Clare Robertson, Gordon F SandersonDunedin School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dunedin, New ZealandBackground: Multifocal glasses (bifocals, trifocals, and progressives) increase the risk of falling in elderly people, but how they do so is unclear. To explain why glasses with progressive addition lenses increase the risk of falls and whether this can be attributed to false projection, this study aimed to 1) map the prismatic displacement of a progressive lens, and 2) test whether this displacement impaired reaction time and accuracy.Methods: The reaction times of healthy ≥75-year-olds (31 participants) were measured when grasping for a bar and touching a black line. Participants performed each test twice, wearing their progressives and new, matched single vision (distance) glasses in random order. The line and bar targets were positioned according to the maximum and minimum prismatic displacement effect through the progressive lens, mapped using a focimeter.Results: Progressive spectacle lenses have large areas of prismatic displacement in the central visual axis and edges. Reaction time was faster for progressives compared with single vision glasses with a centrally-placed horizontal grab bar (mean difference 101 ms, P=0.011 [repeated measures analysis]) and a horizontal black line placed 300 mm below center (mean difference 80 ms, P=0.007). There was no difference in accuracy between the two types of glasses.Conclusion: Older people appear to adapt to the false projection of progressives in the central visual axis. This adaptation means that swapping to new glasses or a large change in prescription may lead to a fall. Frequently updating glasses may be more beneficial.Keywords: fall prevention, false projection, stored visual spatial informationEllison ACCampbell AJRobertson MCSanderson GFDove Medical PressarticleOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol 2014, Iss default, Pp 891-902 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Ophthalmology RE1-994 Ellison AC Campbell AJ Robertson MC Sanderson GF Prismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people
description	Ashton C Ellison, A John Campbell, M Clare Robertson, Gordon F SandersonDunedin School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dunedin, New ZealandBackground: Multifocal glasses (bifocals, trifocals, and progressives) increase the risk of falling in elderly people, but how they do so is unclear. To explain why glasses with progressive addition lenses increase the risk of falls and whether this can be attributed to false projection, this study aimed to 1) map the prismatic displacement of a progressive lens, and 2) test whether this displacement impaired reaction time and accuracy.Methods: The reaction times of healthy ≥75-year-olds (31 participants) were measured when grasping for a bar and touching a black line. Participants performed each test twice, wearing their progressives and new, matched single vision (distance) glasses in random order. The line and bar targets were positioned according to the maximum and minimum prismatic displacement effect through the progressive lens, mapped using a focimeter.Results: Progressive spectacle lenses have large areas of prismatic displacement in the central visual axis and edges. Reaction time was faster for progressives compared with single vision glasses with a centrally-placed horizontal grab bar (mean difference 101 ms, P=0.011 [repeated measures analysis]) and a horizontal black line placed 300 mm below center (mean difference 80 ms, P=0.007). There was no difference in accuracy between the two types of glasses.Conclusion: Older people appear to adapt to the false projection of progressives in the central visual axis. This adaptation means that swapping to new glasses or a large change in prescription may lead to a fall. Frequently updating glasses may be more beneficial.Keywords: fall prevention, false projection, stored visual spatial information
format	article
author	Ellison AC Campbell AJ Robertson MC Sanderson GF
author_facet	Ellison AC Campbell AJ Robertson MC Sanderson GF
author_sort	Ellison AC
title	Prismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people
title_short	Prismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people
title_full	Prismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people
title_fullStr	Prismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people
title_full_unstemmed	Prismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people
title_sort	prismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/49842230ffba47d79e5040a9eec3786e
work_keys_str_mv	AT ellisonac prismaticdisplacementeffectofprogressivemultifocalglassesonreactiontimeandaccuracyinelderlypeople AT campbellaj prismaticdisplacementeffectofprogressivemultifocalglassesonreactiontimeandaccuracyinelderlypeople AT robertsonmc prismaticdisplacementeffectofprogressivemultifocalglassesonreactiontimeandaccuracyinelderlypeople AT sandersongf prismaticdisplacementeffectofprogressivemultifocalglassesonreactiontimeandaccuracyinelderlypeople
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Prismatic displacement effect of progressive multifocal glasses on reaction time and accuracy in elderly people

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