Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review

Hayao Ozaki,1 Jeremy P Loenneke,2 Robert S Thiebaud,2 Joel M Stager,3 Takashi Abe31Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan; 2Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; 3Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USAAbstract: It is known...

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Autores principales:	Ozaki H, Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS, Stager JM, Abe T
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2013
Materias:	aerobic exercise muscle mass aging strength sarcopenia Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/498d767639e34d5e95edb2375bd507b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:498d767639e34d5e95edb2375bd507b82021-12-02T06:26:00ZPossibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/498d767639e34d5e95edb2375bd507b82013-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/possibility-of-leg-muscle-hypertrophy-by-ambulation-in-older-adults-a--peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Hayao Ozaki,1 Jeremy P Loenneke,2 Robert S Thiebaud,2 Joel M Stager,3 Takashi Abe31Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan; 2Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; 3Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USAAbstract: It is known that ambulatory exercises such as brisk walking and jogging are potent stimuli for improving aerobic capacity, but it is less understood whether ambulatory exercise can increase leg muscle size and function. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss whether or not ambulatory exercise elicits leg muscle hypertrophy in older adults. Daily ambulatory activity with moderate (>3 metabolic equivalents [METs], which is defined as the ratio of the work metabolic rate to the resting metabolic rate) intensity estimated by accelerometer is positively correlated with lower body muscle size and function in older adults. Although there is conflicting data on the effects of short-term training, it is possible that relatively long periods of walking, jogging, or intermittent running for over half a year can increase leg muscle size among older adults. In addition, slow-walk training with a combination of leg muscle blood flow restriction elicits muscle hypertrophy only in the blood flow restricted leg muscles. Competitive marathon running and regular high intensity distance running in young and middle-aged adults may not produce leg muscle hypertrophy due to insufficient recovery from the damaging running bout, although there have been no studies that have investigated the effects of running on leg muscle morphology in older subjects. It is clear that skeletal muscle hypertrophy can occur independently of exercise mode and load.Keywords: aerobic exercise, muscle mass, aging, strength, sarcopeniaOzaki HLoenneke JPThiebaud RSStager JMAbe TDove Medical Pressarticleaerobic exercisemuscle massagingstrengthsarcopeniaGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 8, Pp 369-375 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aerobic exercise muscle mass aging strength sarcopenia Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	aerobic exercise muscle mass aging strength sarcopenia Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Ozaki H Loenneke JP Thiebaud RS Stager JM Abe T Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review
description	Hayao Ozaki,1 Jeremy P Loenneke,2 Robert S Thiebaud,2 Joel M Stager,3 Takashi Abe31Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan; 2Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; 3Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USAAbstract: It is known that ambulatory exercises such as brisk walking and jogging are potent stimuli for improving aerobic capacity, but it is less understood whether ambulatory exercise can increase leg muscle size and function. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss whether or not ambulatory exercise elicits leg muscle hypertrophy in older adults. Daily ambulatory activity with moderate (>3 metabolic equivalents [METs], which is defined as the ratio of the work metabolic rate to the resting metabolic rate) intensity estimated by accelerometer is positively correlated with lower body muscle size and function in older adults. Although there is conflicting data on the effects of short-term training, it is possible that relatively long periods of walking, jogging, or intermittent running for over half a year can increase leg muscle size among older adults. In addition, slow-walk training with a combination of leg muscle blood flow restriction elicits muscle hypertrophy only in the blood flow restricted leg muscles. Competitive marathon running and regular high intensity distance running in young and middle-aged adults may not produce leg muscle hypertrophy due to insufficient recovery from the damaging running bout, although there have been no studies that have investigated the effects of running on leg muscle morphology in older subjects. It is clear that skeletal muscle hypertrophy can occur independently of exercise mode and load.Keywords: aerobic exercise, muscle mass, aging, strength, sarcopenia
format	article
author	Ozaki H Loenneke JP Thiebaud RS Stager JM Abe T
author_facet	Ozaki H Loenneke JP Thiebaud RS Stager JM Abe T
author_sort	Ozaki H
title	Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review
title_short	Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review
title_full	Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review
title_fullStr	Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review
title_full_unstemmed	Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review
title_sort	possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/498d767639e34d5e95edb2375bd507b8
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Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: a brief review

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