MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)

Crenicichla is the largest and most widely distributed genus of Neotropical cichlids. Here, we analyze a mtDNA dataset comprising 681 specimens (including Teleocichla, a putative ingroup of Crenicichla) and 77 out of 105 presently recognized valid species (plus 10 out of 36 nominal synonyms plus ove...

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Autores principales:	Oldřich Říčan, Klára Dragová, Adriana Almirón, Jorge Casciotta, Jens Gottwald, Lubomír Piálek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	PeerJ Inc. 2021
Materias:	Freshwater fishes Endemism Putative new species Phylogeography Molecular-clock dating Conservation Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/498fd967e88e4640b1f9a0b1f0e4e025
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:498fd967e88e4640b1f9a0b1f0e4e0252021-11-11T15:05:21ZMtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)10.7717/peerj.122832167-8359https://doaj.org/article/498fd967e88e4640b1f9a0b1f0e4e0252021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://peerj.com/articles/12283.pdfhttps://peerj.com/articles/12283/https://doaj.org/toc/2167-8359Crenicichla is the largest and most widely distributed genus of Neotropical cichlids. Here, we analyze a mtDNA dataset comprising 681 specimens (including Teleocichla, a putative ingroup of Crenicichla) and 77 out of 105 presently recognized valid species (plus 10 out of 36 nominal synonyms plus over 50 putatively new species) from 129 locations in 31 major river drainages throughout the whole distribution of the genus in South America. Based on these data we make an inventory of diversity and highlight taxa and biogeographic areas worthy of further sampling effort and conservation protection. Using three methods of molecular species delimitation, we find between 126 and 168 species-like clusters, i.e., an average increase of species diversity of 65–121% with a range of increase between species groups. The increase ranges from 0% in the Missioneira and Macrophthama groups, through 25–40% (Lacustris group), 50–87% (Reticulata group, Teleocichla), 68–168% (Saxatilis group), 125–200% (Wallacii group), and 158–241% in the Lugubris group. We found a high degree of congruence between clusters derived from the three used methods of species delimitation. Overall, our results recognize substantially underestimated diversity in Crenicichla including Teleocichla. Most of the newly delimited putative species are from the Amazon-Orinoco-Guiana (AOG) core area (Greater Amazonia) of the Neotropical region, especially from the Brazilian and Guiana shield areas of which the former is under the largest threat and largest degree of environmental degradation of all the Amazon.Oldřich ŘíčanKlára DragováAdriana AlmirónJorge CasciottaJens GottwaldLubomír PiálekPeerJ Inc.articleFreshwater fishesEndemismPutative new speciesPhylogeographyMolecular-clock datingConservationMedicineRENPeerJ, Vol 9, p e12283 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Freshwater fishes Endemism Putative new species Phylogeography Molecular-clock dating Conservation Medicine R
spellingShingle	Freshwater fishes Endemism Putative new species Phylogeography Molecular-clock dating Conservation Medicine R Oldřich Říčan Klára Dragová Adriana Almirón Jorge Casciotta Jens Gottwald Lubomír Piálek MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)
description	Crenicichla is the largest and most widely distributed genus of Neotropical cichlids. Here, we analyze a mtDNA dataset comprising 681 specimens (including Teleocichla, a putative ingroup of Crenicichla) and 77 out of 105 presently recognized valid species (plus 10 out of 36 nominal synonyms plus over 50 putatively new species) from 129 locations in 31 major river drainages throughout the whole distribution of the genus in South America. Based on these data we make an inventory of diversity and highlight taxa and biogeographic areas worthy of further sampling effort and conservation protection. Using three methods of molecular species delimitation, we find between 126 and 168 species-like clusters, i.e., an average increase of species diversity of 65–121% with a range of increase between species groups. The increase ranges from 0% in the Missioneira and Macrophthama groups, through 25–40% (Lacustris group), 50–87% (Reticulata group, Teleocichla), 68–168% (Saxatilis group), 125–200% (Wallacii group), and 158–241% in the Lugubris group. We found a high degree of congruence between clusters derived from the three used methods of species delimitation. Overall, our results recognize substantially underestimated diversity in Crenicichla including Teleocichla. Most of the newly delimited putative species are from the Amazon-Orinoco-Guiana (AOG) core area (Greater Amazonia) of the Neotropical region, especially from the Brazilian and Guiana shield areas of which the former is under the largest threat and largest degree of environmental degradation of all the Amazon.
format	article
author	Oldřich Říčan Klára Dragová Adriana Almirón Jorge Casciotta Jens Gottwald Lubomír Piálek
author_facet	Oldřich Říčan Klára Dragová Adriana Almirón Jorge Casciotta Jens Gottwald Lubomír Piálek
author_sort	Oldřich Říčan
title	MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)
title_short	MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)
title_full	MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)
title_fullStr	MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)
title_full_unstemmed	MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)
title_sort	mtdna species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest neotropical cichlid genus (cichlidae: crenicichla)
publisher	PeerJ Inc.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/498fd967e88e4640b1f9a0b1f0e4e025
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MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla)

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