Global Population Genetic Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>

ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing invasive aspergillosis, a globally distributed disease with a mortality rate of up to 90% in high-risk populations. Effective control and prevention of this disease require a thorough understanding of its...

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Autores principales:	Eta Ebasi Ashu, Ferry Hagen, Anuradha Chowdhary, Jacques F. Meis, Jianping Xu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	Aspergillus fumigatus ecological structure gene flow genetic populations genetic recombination geographic structure Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/499412b6152c49699a46e830b547342c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:499412b6152c49699a46e830b547342c2021-11-15T15:22:03ZGlobal Population Genetic Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>10.1128/mSphere.00019-172379-5042https://doaj.org/article/499412b6152c49699a46e830b547342c2017-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00019-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing invasive aspergillosis, a globally distributed disease with a mortality rate of up to 90% in high-risk populations. Effective control and prevention of this disease require a thorough understanding of its epidemiology. However, despite significant efforts, the global molecular epidemiology of A. fumigatus remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 2,026 A. fumigatus isolates from 13 countries in four continents using nine highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Genetic cluster analyses suggest that our global sample of A. fumigatus isolates belonged to eight genetic clusters, with seven of the eight clusters showing broad geographic distributions. We found common signatures of sexual recombination within individual genetic clusters and clear evidence of hybridization between several clusters. Limited but statistically significant genetic differentiations were found among geographic and ecological populations. However, there was abundant evidence for gene flow at the local, regional, and global scales. Interestingly, the triazole-susceptible and triazole-resistant populations showed different population structures, consistent with antifungal drug pressure playing a significant role in local adaptation. Our results suggest that global populations of A. fumigatus are shaped by historical differentiation, contemporary gene flow, sexual reproduction, and the localized antifungal drug selection that is driving clonal expansion of genotypes resistant to multiple triazole drugs. IMPORTANCE The genetic diversity and geographic structure of the human fungal pathogen A. fumigatus have been the subject of many studies. However, most previous studies had relatively limited sample ranges and sizes and/or used genetic markers with low-level polymorphisms. In this paper, we characterize a global collection of strains of A. fumigatus using a panel of 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Using these markers, we analyze 2,026 isolates, which is ~3 times the number of isolates reported so far in previous studies. Our analyses suggest that A. fumigatus contains historically differentiated genetic populations but that its evolution is significantly impacted by contemporary forces such as widespread gene flow and local antifungal drug pressure. In the wake of a global rise in resistance to azoles in fungal pathogens, our findings should aid in developing management strategies to mitigate current increases to azole resistance.Eta Ebasi AshuFerry HagenAnuradha ChowdharyJacques F. MeisJianping XuAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleAspergillus fumigatusecological structuregene flowgenetic populationsgenetic recombinationgeographic structureMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 2, Iss 1 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Aspergillus fumigatus ecological structure gene flow genetic populations genetic recombination geographic structure Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Aspergillus fumigatus ecological structure gene flow genetic populations genetic recombination geographic structure Microbiology QR1-502 Eta Ebasi Ashu Ferry Hagen Anuradha Chowdhary Jacques F. Meis Jianping Xu Global Population Genetic Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing invasive aspergillosis, a globally distributed disease with a mortality rate of up to 90% in high-risk populations. Effective control and prevention of this disease require a thorough understanding of its epidemiology. However, despite significant efforts, the global molecular epidemiology of A. fumigatus remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 2,026 A. fumigatus isolates from 13 countries in four continents using nine highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Genetic cluster analyses suggest that our global sample of A. fumigatus isolates belonged to eight genetic clusters, with seven of the eight clusters showing broad geographic distributions. We found common signatures of sexual recombination within individual genetic clusters and clear evidence of hybridization between several clusters. Limited but statistically significant genetic differentiations were found among geographic and ecological populations. However, there was abundant evidence for gene flow at the local, regional, and global scales. Interestingly, the triazole-susceptible and triazole-resistant populations showed different population structures, consistent with antifungal drug pressure playing a significant role in local adaptation. Our results suggest that global populations of A. fumigatus are shaped by historical differentiation, contemporary gene flow, sexual reproduction, and the localized antifungal drug selection that is driving clonal expansion of genotypes resistant to multiple triazole drugs. IMPORTANCE The genetic diversity and geographic structure of the human fungal pathogen A. fumigatus have been the subject of many studies. However, most previous studies had relatively limited sample ranges and sizes and/or used genetic markers with low-level polymorphisms. In this paper, we characterize a global collection of strains of A. fumigatus using a panel of 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Using these markers, we analyze 2,026 isolates, which is ~3 times the number of isolates reported so far in previous studies. Our analyses suggest that A. fumigatus contains historically differentiated genetic populations but that its evolution is significantly impacted by contemporary forces such as widespread gene flow and local antifungal drug pressure. In the wake of a global rise in resistance to azoles in fungal pathogens, our findings should aid in developing management strategies to mitigate current increases to azole resistance.
format	article
author	Eta Ebasi Ashu Ferry Hagen Anuradha Chowdhary Jacques F. Meis Jianping Xu
author_facet	Eta Ebasi Ashu Ferry Hagen Anuradha Chowdhary Jacques F. Meis Jianping Xu
author_sort	Eta Ebasi Ashu
title	Global Population Genetic Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_short	Global Population Genetic Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_full	Global Population Genetic Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_fullStr	Global Population Genetic Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Global Population Genetic Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_sort	global population genetic analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/499412b6152c49699a46e830b547342c
work_keys_str_mv	AT etaebasiashu globalpopulationgeneticanalysisofnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciesaspergillusfumigatusnamedcontent AT ferryhagen globalpopulationgeneticanalysisofnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciesaspergillusfumigatusnamedcontent AT anuradhachowdhary globalpopulationgeneticanalysisofnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciesaspergillusfumigatusnamedcontent AT jacquesfmeis globalpopulationgeneticanalysisofnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciesaspergillusfumigatusnamedcontent AT jianpingxu globalpopulationgeneticanalysisofnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciesaspergillusfumigatusnamedcontent
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Global Population Genetic Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>

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