Individual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from Gabon.

<h4>Background</h4>Haptoglobin related protein (Hpr) is a key component of trypanosome lytic factors (TLF), a subset of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) that form the first line of human defence against African trypanosomes. Hpr, like haptoglobin (Hp) can bind to hemoglobin (Hb) and it is...

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Autores principales:	Heather J Imrie, Freya J I Fowkes, Florence Migot-Nabias, Adrian J F Luty, Philippe Deloron, Stephen L Hajduk, Karen P Day
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/49cd9e17defe4bccbbc3f4f7d64b43ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:49cd9e17defe4bccbbc3f4f7d64b43ae2021-11-18T08:08:08ZIndividual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from Gabon.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0049816https://doaj.org/article/49cd9e17defe4bccbbc3f4f7d64b43ae2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23185445/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Haptoglobin related protein (Hpr) is a key component of trypanosome lytic factors (TLF), a subset of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) that form the first line of human defence against African trypanosomes. Hpr, like haptoglobin (Hp) can bind to hemoglobin (Hb) and it is the Hpr-Hb complexes which bind to these parasites allowing uptake of TLF. This unique form of innate immunity is primate-specific. To date, there have been no population studies of plasma levels of Hpr, particularly in relation to hemolysis and a high prevalence of ahaptoglobinemia as found in malaria endemic areas.<h4>Methods and principal findings</h4>We developed a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure levels of plasma Hpr in Gabonese children sampled during a period of seasonal malaria transmission when acute phase responses (APR), malaria infection and associated hemolysis were prevalent. Median Hpr concentration was 0.28 mg/ml (range 0.03-1.1). This was 5-fold higher than that found in Caucasian children (0.049 mg/ml, range 0.002-0.26) with no evidence of an APR. A general linear model was used to investigate associations between Hpr levels, host polymorphisms, parasitological factors and the acute phase proteins, Hp, C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin. Levels of Hpr were associated with Hp genotype, decreased with age and were higher in females. Hpr concentration was strongly correlated with that of Hp, but not CRP.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Individual variation in Hpr levels was related to Hp level, Hp genotype, demographics, malaria status and the APR. The strong correlations between plasma levels of Hp and Hpr suggest that they are regulated by similar mechanisms. These population-based observations indicate that a more dynamic view of the relative roles of Hpr and Hpr-Hb complexes needs to be considered in understanding innate immunity to African trypanosomes and possibly other pathogens including the newly discovered Plasmodium spp of humans and primates.Heather J ImrieFreya J I FowkesFlorence Migot-NabiasAdrian J F LutyPhilippe DeloronStephen L HajdukKaren P DayPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 11, p e49816 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Heather J Imrie Freya J I Fowkes Florence Migot-Nabias Adrian J F Luty Philippe Deloron Stephen L Hajduk Karen P Day Individual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from Gabon.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Haptoglobin related protein (Hpr) is a key component of trypanosome lytic factors (TLF), a subset of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) that form the first line of human defence against African trypanosomes. Hpr, like haptoglobin (Hp) can bind to hemoglobin (Hb) and it is the Hpr-Hb complexes which bind to these parasites allowing uptake of TLF. This unique form of innate immunity is primate-specific. To date, there have been no population studies of plasma levels of Hpr, particularly in relation to hemolysis and a high prevalence of ahaptoglobinemia as found in malaria endemic areas.<h4>Methods and principal findings</h4>We developed a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure levels of plasma Hpr in Gabonese children sampled during a period of seasonal malaria transmission when acute phase responses (APR), malaria infection and associated hemolysis were prevalent. Median Hpr concentration was 0.28 mg/ml (range 0.03-1.1). This was 5-fold higher than that found in Caucasian children (0.049 mg/ml, range 0.002-0.26) with no evidence of an APR. A general linear model was used to investigate associations between Hpr levels, host polymorphisms, parasitological factors and the acute phase proteins, Hp, C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin. Levels of Hpr were associated with Hp genotype, decreased with age and were higher in females. Hpr concentration was strongly correlated with that of Hp, but not CRP.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Individual variation in Hpr levels was related to Hp level, Hp genotype, demographics, malaria status and the APR. The strong correlations between plasma levels of Hp and Hpr suggest that they are regulated by similar mechanisms. These population-based observations indicate that a more dynamic view of the relative roles of Hpr and Hpr-Hb complexes needs to be considered in understanding innate immunity to African trypanosomes and possibly other pathogens including the newly discovered Plasmodium spp of humans and primates.
format	article
author	Heather J Imrie Freya J I Fowkes Florence Migot-Nabias Adrian J F Luty Philippe Deloron Stephen L Hajduk Karen P Day
author_facet	Heather J Imrie Freya J I Fowkes Florence Migot-Nabias Adrian J F Luty Philippe Deloron Stephen L Hajduk Karen P Day
author_sort	Heather J Imrie
title	Individual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from Gabon.
title_short	Individual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from Gabon.
title_full	Individual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from Gabon.
title_fullStr	Individual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from Gabon.
title_full_unstemmed	Individual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from Gabon.
title_sort	individual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from gabon.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/49cd9e17defe4bccbbc3f4f7d64b43ae
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Individual variation in levels of haptoglobin-related protein in children from Gabon.

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